Trauma Flashcards
how do you treat a pneumothorax
chest drain (if >2cm) 2nd intercostal space mid clavicular/mid axillary depending on size
what happens if you don’t treat a pneumothorax
tension pneumothorax
what does pneumonia look like on CXR compared to fluid
pneumonia has markings going through it
just fluid is solid white
what is a pneumoperitoneum
gas beneath the diaphragm
often caused by rupture of hollow organs
what are the main indications for abdominal x-ray
obstruction
pneumoperitoneum
how can u tell whats small bowel on X-ray
ligaments/lines go all the way across the width of the bowel?
types of fractures
transverse - direct blow
oblique - direct blow
spiral - twisting injury
comminuted - more than 2 parts
avulsion - attachment of ligaments come off
impacted- load bearing fracture
torus - in children, outer periosteum is intact but inside bone is buckled
green stick - in children - only goes through one side
what is the anterior sail sign
anterior fat pat of elbow is larger than normal
often due to radial head fracture
posterior fat pat also enlarged
what is a Colles fracture
distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement
often ulnar styloid is fractured at the same time
(collie dog paws)
what is a Smith’s fracture
distal radius fracture with VOLAR displacement
which type of femoral head fracture is an emergency
intra capsular
interrupts blood supply to bone and increases chance of Avascular Necrosis and femoral head will die
what type of femoral head fracture does not disrupt the blood supply
extra capsular
management for an intra capsular femoral head fractures
hemiarthroplasty
