Trauma Flashcards
(38 cards)
what type of shock do trauma victims experience?
hemorrhagic
what is main cause of hemorrhagic shock?
hypovolemia
what happens to HR in hemorrhagic shock
increases
what happens to SV in hemorrhagic shock?
decreases
what happens to PVR in hemorrhagic shock?
increases
why does PVR increases in hemorrhagic shock?
bc it needs to maintain flow to brain and heart, not rest of body
what percent of blood loss leads to SBP changes?
30-40%
what class of hemorrhagic shock is where BP starts to change?
class III….1 and II are normal
what is the lethal triad of hemorrhagic shock?
acidosis
hypothermia
coagulopathy
what are the two main stimuli of hormone release in trauma?
afferent pain nerve stimulation and hypovolemia baroreceptor response
name the seven hormones released in trauma
renin aldosterone epi/norepiv vasopressin growth hormone glucagon
when you give fluids what can happen in trauma situation?
if giving lots can have 3rd spacing where fluid accumulates anywhere its not supposed to like face and lungs
name five local mediators released in trauma
histamine and serotonin
prostaglandins
complement proteins
endotoxins
what do the local mediators of trauma help with?
local hemostasis, inflammation and repair
what three issues do local mediators cause in trauma
DIC
hypoxemia
acidosis
cellular damage
what are the four metabolic changes in trauma?
hyperglycemia
catabolism
fatty acid mobilization
acidosis
does nitrogen excretion go up or down with trauma?
way up!
what are stress radiographs used for?
evaluation of joint stability
what is the contrast study of the spine called?
myelogram
what is the contrast study of the joint called?
arthrogram
on bone scans…how does healing bone appear after fracture?
HOT…lights up
is avascular necrosis hot or cold on bone scan?
cold…doesnt light up
will you see stress fracture on an xray? what about bone scan?
not on x ray but will see it on bone scan
what is difference in open versus closed fracture?
closed means no skin break and open means skin break
