Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Question 1

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) symptoms

Answer 1

1. serious neglect
2. insufficient care
3. rarely seek/respond to comfort when distressed

Question 2

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) symptoms

Answer 2

• history of social & emotional neglect
• changes in caregivers or institutionalisation where appropriate attachments not formed

indiscriminate sociability with unfamiliar adults manifested by at least 2:
- overfamiliarity with strangers inconsistent with developmental age/culture
- lack of concern about/checking back with caregiver
- reduced hesitancy to approach & interact with unfamiliar adults
- willing to go off with unfamiliar adult w/o hesitation

Question 3

RAD & DSED treatment

Answer 3

• Attachment & Biobehavioural Catchup: facilitate relationship formation for infants & toddlers who experienced disrupted attachment
• The Incredible Years: treatment for conduct disordered youth
• Behaviour Management Training: parent training for RAD treatment
• Mindful parenting training: decrease harsh parenting & improve positive bonding

Question 4

PTSD symptoms

Answer 4

exposure to/experiencing threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence
- witness event as it occured to others
- learn event happened to loved one
- experience repeated/extreme exposure to aversive details

one or more of symptoms associated with event:
- intrusive memories of event
- recurrent frightening dreams about event
- dissociate reactions in which it seems that event is recurring
- intense psychological distress
- physiological reactions to internal/external cues that cause distress
- negative changes in thoughts/mood
- alterations in arousal responses after event

Question 5

PTSD treatment

Answer 5

• exposure therapy: to trauma memory
• cognitive processing therapy –exposure + anxiety management training & cognitive restructuring: alter disrupted cognitions
• anxiety management therapy: modify memories associated with fear
• eye movment desensitisation and reprocessing: alleviate distress associated with traumatic memories

Question 6

PTSD assessment

Answer 6

PCL-5: 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD

Question 7

Acute Stress Disorder

Answer 7

• symptoms begin during/immediately after exposure to traumatic event
• symptoms include reexperiencing event, arousal &avoidance symptoms
• persists at least 3 days to a month
• min. 9 out of 14 symptoms must be present

Question 8

Adjustment Disorders symptoms

Answer 8

stressful life event triggers disturbing thoughts, anxiety, depression or unusual behavioural changes that affect relationships or cause problems at home, work, or school

6 types:
1. with depressed mood
2. with anxiety
3. with mixed anxiety & depressed mood
4. with disturbance of conduct
5. with mixed disturbance of emotions & conduct
6. unspecified

Question 9

Adjustment Disorders assessment

Answer 9

• Beck Depression Inventory: 21-item, self-report rating that measures attitudes & symptoms of depression
• Beck Anxiety Inventory: 21-item, self-report rating that measures intensity of physical & cognitive anxiety symptoms

Question 10

Adjustment Disorders treatment

Answer 10

• MBSR: reduce pain & anxiety, improve relaxation & sleep
• bibliotherapy or movie therapy: normalise feelings client is going through