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EMT - Basic > Trauma Study Guide > Flashcards

Trauma Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What are raccoon eyes?

A

Bruising under the eyes

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2
Q

What are battle sign?

A

bruising behind the ear over the mastoid process

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3
Q

What is myocardial contusion?

A

Bruising to the heart from blunt trauma

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4
Q

What are two common injuries in car accidents?

A

Seat belts and airbag

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5
Q

What is frontal?

A

Seat belt and air bags

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6
Q

What is rear end?

A

They are known to cause whiplash injuries especially when the passengers head or neck is not placed in the headrest.

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7
Q

What is Lateral?

A

They are side impacts sometimes called t - bone and are very common cause of death associated with motor vehicle crashes.

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8
Q

What is rollover crashes?

A

There are certain vehicles such as large trucks and some sport vehicles that are more prone to rollover crashes.

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9
Q

What are rotational crashes?

A

They are spins similar to rollovers. The rotation of the vehicles as it spins provides opportunities for the vehicle to strike object such a utility poles.

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10
Q

What is Kinetic energy?

A

The energy of a moving object

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11
Q

What does hemorrhage mean?

A

It means bleeding and external bleeding is visible hemorrhage.

Ex: Nosebleed and bleeding from open wounds

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12
Q

What is signs and symptoms of internal bleeding?

A

The most common symptom of internal bleeding is pain and significant internal bleeding will usually cause swelling in the are of bleeding.

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13
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

The vomiting of blood

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14
Q

What is melena?

A

Black, foul smelling, tarry stool that contains digested blood

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15
Q

What are the steps of controlling bleeding?

A
  1. ) Apply Pressure for 10 seconds
  2. ) If the bleeding doesn’t stop then apply a tourniquet
  3. ) Watch for signs of shock
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16
Q

What is another word for nose bleed?

A

Epistaxis

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17
Q

What is an air embolism?

A

The presence of a air in the veins which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart

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18
Q

What is a concussion?

A

A blow to the head may cause concussion of the brain

Concussions are also known as milk traumatic brain injuries

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19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms you may experience with Concussion?

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Ringing in the ears
  • Slurred speech
  • Inability to focus
  • Lack of coordination
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20
Q

These types of injuries you should suspect a head or spinal injury:

A
  1. )Motor vehicles
  2. ) Pedestrian - motor vehicles crashes
  3. ) Fall > 20 feet (adult)
  4. ) Fall > 10 feet (pediatric)
  5. ) Blunt trauma
  6. ) Trauma to the head, neck, back, or torso
  7. ) Rapid deceleration injuries
  8. ) Hangings
  9. ) Axial loading injuries
  10. ) Diving accidents
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21
Q

When should you remove an helmet ?

A

It is a full face helmet

It makes assessing or managing airway problems or difficult to breath

It prevents you from immobilizing the spine

It allow excessive head movement

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22
Q

What isa closed chest injury?

A

An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken usually caused by blunt trauma.

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23
Q

What is an open chest injury?

A

An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fracture rib

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24
Q

What is a sucking chest wound?

A

An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration creating a sucking sound.

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25
What is hematuria?
blood in the urine
26
Wha is closed abdominal injury?
An injury in which there is soft tissue damage inside the body but skin remains intact.
27
What is closed abdominal injury?
An injury in which there is soft tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact
28
What is air embolism ?
air bubbles in the blood vessel
29
What is work?
The measure of force over distance
30
What is laceration?
A deep, jagged cut in the skin
31
What is abrasions?
Loss or damage of the superficial layer of skins as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface.
32
What is Avulsions?
An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap.
33
What is crushing injury?
An injury that occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body.
34
What is fractures?
A break in the continuity of a bone
35
What is epiphyseal?
is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.
36
What is Comminuted?
being a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into numerous pieces a comminuted elbow fracture.
37
What is greenstick fracture?
A fracture in which one side of a bone is broken and the other is bent (like a green stick).
38
What is Comminuted?
being a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into numerous pieces a comminuted elbow fracture
39
What is incomplete?
lacking a usually necessary part, element, or step
40
What is oblique?
Slanting; deviating from the perpendicular, horizontal, sagittal, or coronal plane of the body. In radiography, a projection that is neither frontal nor lateral.
41
What is pathological?
1. Indicative of or caused by disease, as in a pathologic fracture, pathologic tissue, or pathologic process. 2. Pertaining to pathology, the branch of medicine that studies disease and especially the essential nature of disease.
42
What is spiral?
the path of a point in a plane moving around a central point while continuously receding from or approaching it. 2 : a three-dimensional curve (as a helix) with one or more turns about an axis the double spiral of DNA.
43
What is transverse (axial) plane?
An imaginary line where the boy is divided into top and bottom parts.
44
What is the most common fracture bone?
Clavicle (collarbone)
45
What is 1st collision?
The vehicle collision During a vehicle accident, your car comes crashing to a stop. At 30 mph, an auto hitting a stationary object will likely crumple in about two feet and stop in less than one second. As the car crushes, it absorbs some of the force of the collision.
46
What is 2nd collision?
The human collision The second collision is the “human collision.” At the moment of impact, passengers in the car that are unrestrained are still travelling at the vehicle’s original speed. When the car comes to a complete stop the passengers continue to be hurled forward until they come in contact with some part of the automobile. For example, the steering wheel, the dashboard, the front windshield or the back of the front seat. Humans in a crash can also cause serious injuries to other humans when they collide with each other. People in the front seat of a car are often hit by rear-seat passengers as they fly forward with incredible force. Look at it like this. If you are traveling down the road at 65 mph and suddenly need to apply the brakes, any loose objects will continue to move at 65 mph. Even a relatively small object such as a pen or a cell phone traveling at that speed could cause severe injuries if they were to hit a person. A heavier object such as a laptop computer could become a deadly weapon. The safest place to carry anything but passengers is in the trunk. If you absolutely must carry something inside the passenger compartment, the safest place to do so is on the floor behind the driver or passenger seat.
47
What is 3rd collision?
The internal collision In a motor vehicle crash, even after a human body comes to a complete stop, internal organs such as the heart, liver and kidneys are still moving. Suddenly, these internal organs slam into other organs or the skeletal system. This “internal collision” is what often causes serious injury or death and is the reason why emergency service workers frequently find victims dead at the scene with little or no outward signs of injury
48
What is mandible?
The bone of the lower jaw
49
What is maxillae?
The upper jawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate and the hold the upper teeth.
50
What is zygoma?
The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone, the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone.
51
What is nasal bone?
The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face and by their junction, form the bridge of the upper one third of the nose
52
What is mastoid process?
The prominent bony mass at the base of the skull about 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear.
53
What is frontal lobe?
each of the paired lobes of the brain lying immediately behind the forehead, including areas concerned with behavior, learning, personality, and voluntary movement.
54
What is temporal lobe?
each of the paired lobes of the brain lying beneath the temples, including areas concerned with the understanding of speech.
55
What is parietal lobe?
either of the paired lobes of the brain at the top of the head, including areas concerned with the reception and correlation of sensory information.
56
What is occipital lobe?
the rearmost lobe in each cerebral hemisphere of the brain.
57
What is cerebrum?
The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter; made up several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality.
58
What is cerebellum?
One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain, coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements.
59
What is a brain stem?
The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum, controls functions that are necessary for life such as respiration
60
What is a foramen magnum?
A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.
61
what is Phrenic nerves?
Nerve that innervates the diaphragm, necessary for adequate breathing to occur.
62
What is c3?
The C3 vertebra is in line with the lower section of the jaw and hyoid bone, which holds the tongue in place. The flexible C3 vertebrae helps aid in the bending and rotation of the neck.
63
What is c4?
The fourth cervical vertebra (C4) is centrally located in the cervical (or neck) region of the spinal column. This is just above the thoracic vertebrae
64
What is c5?
The fifth cervical vertebra (C5) is the fifth vertebra from the top of the column. The C5 is a significant landmark when determining the likely consequences of trauma to the neck and spinal column
65
What is the coupe contra?
When the brain hits the front and then it goes back and hits the back.

EMT - Basic (88 decks)

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