Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 1

It is an insult to the brain not of a degenerative or congenital nature caused by an external physical force that may produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness resulting in an impairment of cognitive abilities or physical functioning.

Answer 1

Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 2

TBI can also result in the disturbance of ____________________, may be temporary or permanent and cause partial or total functional disability or psychosocial maladjustment.

Answer 2

Behavioral or emotional functioning

Question 3

True or False: TBI a leading cause of death and disability in children

Answer 3

True

Question 4

TBI can result in a range of traumatic injuries to what specific structures?

Answer 4

Scalp, Skull, and Brain

Question 5

A study with respect to age revealed that emergency consultations were most common among children aged ______________.

Answer 5

0-4 years old (1,035 per 100,000 children and 80 per 100,000 were hospitalized)

Question 6

The annual death rate from traumatic injury in children below <4 years old is ________.

Answer 6

5 per 100,000

Question 7

True or False: The death rate is higher for children <4 years than for those 5–14 years of age

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Hospitalization for traumatic brain injury was most commonly observed in what age group?

Answer 8

Adolescents (129 per 100,000)

Question 9

Who is more prone to TBI?

Answer 9

Boys

Question 10

The Leading cause of TBI children less than14 years old

Answer 10

Falls

Question 11

The leading cause of TBI is less than four years old

Answer 11

Falls but are affected by abusive injuries and MVA (motor vehicular accidents)

Question 12

Type of Injury during newborns

Answer 12

1. Delivery Head Injury
2. Intracranial Hemorrhages
3. Cephalic Haematoma
4. Subgaleal Haematoma

Question 13

Type of Injury during Infants

Answer 13

1. Accidental Head Injury
2. Abusive Head Trauma

Question 14

Type of Injury during Toddlers and school children

Answer 14

1. Accidental Head Injury

Question 15

Type of Injury during Adolescents

Answer 15

1. Bicycle-related injuries
2. Motorcycle-related injuries
3. Sports-related Injuries

Question 16

Give me the classification/s of TBI

Answer 16

1. Mild
2. Moderate
3. Severe

Question 17

TBi may also be categorized based on:

Answer 17

1. the extent and nature of injury
2. duration of loss of consciousness
3. Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA; loss of memory for events immediately following injury)
4. and severity of confusion at initial assessment during the acute phase of injury.

Question 18

Classification of TBI:
loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes
an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) or Paediatric GCS of 13 - 15 after 30 minutes of injury onset
Post Traumatic Amnesia for not greater than 24 hours

Answer 18

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 19

mTBI where there are no overt neuroimaging findings

Answer 19

Uncomplicated

Question 20

• mTBI where there are intracranial abnormalities (e.g., bruising or a collection of blood in the brain) seen on CT Scan or MRI.

Answer 20

Complicated

Question 20

is a loss of consciousness and/or Post Traumatic Amnesia for 1 - 24 hours and a GCS of 9 – 12.

Answer 20

Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 21

Is a loss of consciousness for more than 24 hours and Post Traumatic Amnesia for more than 7 days with a GCS of 3 – 8.

Answer 21

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 22

Symptoms of TBI: Physical Impairments

Answer 22

Speech
Vision
Hearing
Headaches

Question 23

Symptoms of TBI: Cognitive Impairments

Answer 23

Short Term Memory Deficits
Impaired concentration
Impairments of perception

Question 24

Symptoms of TBI: Emotional Impairments

Answer 24

Mood Swings Denial Anxiety

Question 25

Medical Management of Severe TBI

Answer 25

Close monitoring and control of cerebral circulation and intracranial pressure through the use of sophisticated devices and control systems.

Question 26

If the intracranial pressure cannot be controlled by traditional means, a large dose of __________.

Answer 26

Barbiturate

Question 27

If barbiturate fails to control the pressure, ________.

Answer 27

lowering the body temperature may help.

Question 28

1st Stage of Recovery of TBI

Answer 28

Exhibit eye opening to external stimuli and general responses

Question 29

2nd Stage of Recovery of TBI

Answer 29

Demonstrates appropriate responses to command, ability to attend and concentrate and recognition of family members.

Question 30

3rd Stage of Recovery TBI

Answer 30

Intervention becomes more functional and goal-oriented.