Traumatologia

Question 1

Elbow injuries (wrong statement)
a. fractures of the olecranion occurs as a result of direct fall on the elbow
b. in young adults we treat displaced olecranon fractures non operatively
c. elbow luxations are mostly reduced under general anesthesia
d. supracondylar fracture of the humerus is a common fracture
e. pulled elbow typically occurs in young children

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Foot injuries (wrong)
a. ruptures of Achilles tendon must always be treated operatively
b. undisplaced talar fractures can be managed non operatively with cast and non weight bearing
c. calcanear fractures occurs as a result of a fall from height
d. non dislocationcan be mostly reduced by traction and supported by strapping to the adjacent toe
e. ?

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Operative fracture fixation (wrong):
a. external fixation is of particular value in the management of open fractures
b. typically used devices for internal fixation are plates , screws, and nails
c. external fixation needs a wider surgical treatment than internal fixation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Hip fractures:
A. non displaced or abduction type neck fractures can be treated non operatively
b. injured leg is often shortened and external rotated
c. neck fractures can result in avascular necrosis
d. all statements are correct
e. are very common fracture in elderly

Answer 4

D

Question 5

Femoral fractures (wrong statement)
a. in young children can be treated by traction
b. are often undisplaced
c. fat embolism is a complication of fractures of the femur
d. can be accompanied with susbstantial bleeding
e. are operatively treated by intramedullary nailing

Answer 5

B

Question 6

Open fractures (wrong statement)
a. antibiotic prophylaxis should be given
b. primary suturing of wound is always advocated
c. infection is typical complication
d. need operative treatment
e. external fixator is a good choice of fixation

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Hand injuries (wrong answers):
a. IP joints luxations are always reduced in general anaesthesia
b. finger stiffness is common and disabling complication
c. rotational deformity should always checked in metacarpal fractures
d. avulsion of the extensor tendon from the base of distal phalanx is called “Mallet fingers”
e. collateral ligament sprains are treated by strapping to adjacent finger

Answer 7

A

Question 8

Ankle injuries (wrong answer)
a. lateral ligament injuries are mostly treated non operatively
b. ankle dislocation without fracture is a very rare injury
c. stable lateral malleolus fractures are treted non operatively
d. all statements are wrong
e. displaced fractures are often treated operatively with internal fixation

Answer 8

D

Question 9

Tibial fractures (wrong answer)
a. preferred method of operative fixation in complex open fractures is external fixator
b. undisplaced fractures are non operatively treated by below knee cast
c. displaced tibial tibial plateau fractures are treted by open reduction and fixation
d. are often open fractures
e. displaced fractures in adults are commonlytreated operatively

Answer 9

B

Question 10

Greenstick fractures (wrong statement)
a. occur in children
b. healing is rapid
c. are mostly result of a low energy trauma
d. elastic sping of intact periosteum lead to re-angulation
e. always need a reduction

Answer 10

E

Question 11

Forearm bones fractures (wrong statement)
a. fractures in children are mostly treated non operatively
b. can be accompanied with proximal or distal radio-ulnar joint disruption
c. operative treatment in adults is usually open reduction and fixation with plate/ screws
d. in adults are rarely displaced and operatively treated
e. malunited forearm fractures may result in limited forearm rotation

Answer 11

D

Question 12

Open fractures:
a. fracures open from within out are caused by sharp fractures bony edge
b. microbial contamination is typical feature of open fractures
c. all statements are correct
d. lower leg open fractures are mostly caused by high energy trauma
e.they are often comminuted

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Shoulder luxation (correct statement)
a. most common is anterior shoulder luxation
b. is mostly treated by surgical stabilisation
c. usually reduces spontaneously
d. is recognised clinically - radiographs are not necessary
e. in younger people, luxation is often accompanied with rotator cuff tear

Answer 13

A

Question 14

Hip fractues (correct)
a. all statements are correct
b. fixation with plate and screws is preferred treatment in subtrochanteric fractures
c. neck fractures are always treated by hip replacement
d. interthrocantheric fractures are treated by hip replacement in elderly
e. hemiarthroplasty can performed in elderly, low performance patients

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Wrist fractures (wrong answer)
a. lateral projection radiographs are sufficient to confirm diagnosis
b. reduction and plaster application are performed for displaced fractures
c. in Colles fracture there is a volar displcement of the distal fragment
d. scaphoid fractures may end in non union or avascular necrosis
e. are rarely in elderly women

Answer 15

E

Question 16

Spinal injuries:
a. unstable fracture with irreconverable spinal cord lesion never need operative stabilisation
b. AP and lateral radiographs should be taken in the first instance
c. in spinal concussion rapid recovery is expected
d. multiple wedge fractures of thoracic spine will lead to kyphosis
e. whiplash injuries of the cervical region occur mainly in road traffic accidents

Answer 16

A

Question 17

Knee injuries (correct statement)
a. CT scan is valuable diagnostic tool for injury of the ligaments
b. displaced patellar fractures are treated non operatively
c. lateral dislocation of patella needs open surgical reduction
d. anterior cruciate ligament needs urgent operative treatment
e. popliteal artery demage is important complication of knee dislocation

Answer 17

E

Question 18

Dyaphyseal bone fractures (wrong fractures)
a. simple spiral fractures are prone to shortening
b. multifragmentary fractures contain at least three fragments
c. open fractures that are opened from within-out carry smaller risk of infection
d. spiral fractures results from indirect violence
e. simple transverse hairline fractures are prone to shortening

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Bone healing (correct steatment)
a. non union is condition when a fracture has united in less than anatomical position
b. adults have better bone remodelling potential than children
c. in children the speed of fracture healing decreases as age increases
d. avascular necrosis is typical complication of infection
e. cortical bone fractures heal faster than cancellous bone fractures

Answer 19

C

Question 20

Pelvic fractures (wrong fractures)
a. unstable injuries of the pelvis can be accompanied with substantial bleeding
b. fracture of superior pubic ramus is the commonest stable fracture of the pelvic ring
c. disruption of the pelvic ring at two levels makes injury of the pelvis unstable
d. displaced coccygeal fractures are reduced trans-rectally in general anesthesia
e. demage to the urethra is the most common urinary tract complication of pelvic fracture

Answer 20

D

Question 21

Pathological mobility of the knee is a sign of
a. meniscal injury
b. ligament injury
c. intraarticular fracture
d. supracondylar fracture of the femur
e. multifragmental fracture of the patella

A. a, c, e
B. c, d, e
C. b
D. A, b, c
E. b, c, d

Answer 21

E

Question 22

Unmistakable clinical signs of fracture of the long bone is/are
a. local swelling
b. gross deformity of the central portion of the long bone or visible bone particles in the wound
c. local pain
d. signs of vascular impairment
e. inability of loading the limb

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Typical sign of the rotator cuff rupture :
a. neurocircular impairment
b. inability of passive abduction
c. shoulder deformity
d. inability of active abduction, passive abduction is possible
e. inability of passive and active abduction

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Shoulder luxations (correct answer)
a. most common is anterior shoulder

Answer 24

A

Question 25

To a patient with acute ankle sprain … is prescribed. What do you expect?
a. lower blood flow
b. less oedema
c. less pain
d. higher blood flow
e. better extensibility of ligaments

A. a, b, c, d
B. b, c, d, e
C. a, b , c
D. b, c, e
E. a, b, c, e

Answer 25

E

Question 26

Which of the following is a general percaution for the use of cryotherapy (cold modalities)?
A. spasticity
B. pain
C. hypothyroidism
D. Raynaud’s disease
E. hyperthyroidism

Answer 26

D

Question 27

Arteria capitis femoris supplies:
A. lateral part of acetabulum bone
B. femoral neck
C. proximal part of femoral head
D. smaller throcanter

Answer 27

C

Question 28

Dangerous complications of injury to thoracic cage with rib fracture are
A. pneumothorax
B. hematopneumothroaks
C. hametotoraks
D. unstable thorax

A. a, b, d
B. a, b, c
C. a, b
D. b, c ,d
E. a, b, c, d

Answer 28

E (TUTTE GIUSTE)

Question 29

Aseptic necrosis of femoral head is common complication of:
a. acetabulum fracture
b.

Answer 29

4 risposte giuste, non si vedevano

Question 30

Swelling of thr hands fingers , warm, pink and glazed skin in appearance, tenderness, after removal of plaster cast in Colles fracture of the wrist indicates:
A. Complex regional pain syndrome
B. vascular impairment
C. Non union
D. Myositis ossificans
E. Avascular necrosis of lunate bone of the wrist

Answer 30

A