treating depression

Question 1

who developed cognitive therapy as a method of treating individuals with depression?

Answer 1

Beck

Question 2

what does cognitive therapy aim to do?

Answer 2

identify a cognitive bias + negative self schema about the world, self + future. these are then challenged + changed into rational thoughts

Question 3

what techniques can be included in cognitive therapy?

Answer 3

1. dysfunctional thought diaries
2. homework tasks which challenge cognitive bias
3. participate in pleasurable activities
4. activity schedule ( planning positive events )

Question 4

what are dysfunctional thought diaries - often used in cognitive therapy?

Answer 4

negative thoughts are written down + supported with “evidence”, these thoughts are then disputed + alternative thoughts are suggested.

Question 5

EVALUATION- strength: how does CBT benefit the economy?

Answer 5

it helps people manage daily life meaning they can return to work, increase productivity and pay taxes

Question 6

EVALUATION - strength: how can CBT be applied to real life? + counter evidence

Answer 6

March (2007) found that 81% of teens using CBT significant improved after 36 weeks. Cuijpers (2013) conducted a meta analysis of 75 studies and found that CBT was the superior treatment.
HOWEVER it is time consuming, long waiting lists + therapist experience varies.

Question 7

EVALUATION - weakness: how is CBT not appropriate for everyone?

Answer 7

Ellis (2001) states that some people prefer to share worries without recovering. people need to be willing to change + not forced into therapy + have self awareness, so it isn’t appropriate for children + schizophrenics.

Question 8

What is the most common form of free therapy for depression?

Answer 8

CBT - provided by the NHS

Question 9

what does CBT aim to do?

Answer 9

set goals and identify cognitive bias that are challenged by the expert therapist.

Question 10

where did CBT come from?

Answer 10

Beck’s cognitive therapy combined with Ellis’ REBT therapy

Question 11

is CBT structured?

Answer 11

yes - you discuss specific problems + goals

Question 12

who came up with the REBT techniques for treating depression?

Answer 12

Ellis

Question 13

what does REBT aim to do in treating depression?

Answer 13

challenge / dispute irrational thoughts through three types of arguments: empirical dispute, logical dispute, pragmatic dispute

Question 14

what is empirical dispute in REBT?

Answer 14

examining evidence for negative thoughts

Question 15

what is logical dispute in REBT?

Answer 15

challenging if negative thoughts follow logical facts

Question 16

what is pragmatic dispute in REBT?

Answer 16

assessing whether negative thoughts make the situation better or worse.

Question 17

what are the DEF added to Ellis’ ABC MODEL?

Answer 17

dispute (challenging the belief)
effect (creating helpful beliefs + feelings / desired outcome)

Question 18

what techniques are used in CBT?

Answer 18

journaling, mindfulness, behavioural experiments, cognitive restructuring

Question 19

what does psychoanalysis aim to do?

Answer 19

to identify + address the unconscious thoughts, feelings + experiences that contribute to distress.

Question 20

what does person-centred therapy aim to do?

Answer 20

to help individuals gain self-awareness, improve self esteem + make positive changes in life

Question 21

what are phobias?

Answer 21

a type of anxiety disorder that consists in a string, excessive or irrational dead of something that poses little or no actual danger.

Question 22

how common are phobias in the UK

Answer 22

5% of the population experience them

Question 23

what are specific phobias?

Answer 23

a phobia of an object or situation

Question 24

what are social phobias?

Answer 24

phobia of a social situation

Question 25

what’s the difference between a fear and a phobia?

Answer 25

the extent in which it affects a person’s wellbeing.

Question 26

what are behavioural symptoms of a phobia?

Answer 26

1. a panicked response to the stimulus 2. avoidance

Question 27

what are emotional symptoms of phobias?

Answer 27

1. excessive, irrational + unreasonable panic that is triggered by the presence or anticipation of the stimulus 2. fear

Question 28

what are cognitive symptoms of phobias?

Answer 28

1. selective attention ( fixated on stimulus / hyper vigilant ) 2. irrational beliefs ( resistance it rational arguments ) 3. self critical ( aware it is irrational + blame themselves )