treating depression: cognitive approach

Question 1

true or false?
Beck’s cognitive theory of depression has an application in his treatment

Answer 1

true

Question 2

true or false?
there is a lack of effectiveness in CBT for clients with learning difficulties

Answer 2

true

Question 3

why may some people prefer medication over CBT?

Answer 3

symptoms disappear more quickly with medication

Question 4

true or false?
medication is more effective than CBT in the short-term

Answer 4

false - CBT is more highly effective in the short term

Question 5

What does CBT stand for?

Answer 5

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Question 6

What are the two main elements of CBT?

Answer 6

Cognitive element and behavioural element.

Question 7

What does the cognitive element of CBT involve?

Answer 7

~ clarifying problems
~ identifying goals and a plan to achieve them
~ focusing on identifying negative/irrational thoughts

Question 8

What does the behavioural element of CBT involve?

Answer 8

Changing negative/irrational thoughts and putting more effective behaviours into place.

Question 9

What is Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Answer 9

A therapy that identifies automatic negative thoughts about the world, self, and future and challenges them.

Question 10

What is the ‘negative triad’ in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Answer 10

Negative automatic thoughts about the world, the self, and the future.

Question 11

What is a common task given in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Answer 11

Clients may be set homework, such as recording positive experiences.

Question 12

What is the purpose of ‘homework’ in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Answer 12

To help clients see the reality of their negative beliefs by gathering evidence against them.

Question 13

What is Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)?

Answer 13

A therapy that extends the ABC model to an ABCDE model, focusing on identifying and disputing irrational thoughts.

Question 14

What does the ‘D’ and ‘E’ stand for in the ABCDE model of REBT?

Answer 14

Dispute
Effect

Question 15

What is the main technique of REBT?

Answer 15

Identifying and challenging irrational thoughts.

Question 16

What is ‘empirical argument’ in REBT?

Answer 16

Disputing whether there is actual evidence to support the negative belief.

Question 17

What is ‘logical argument’ in REBT?

Answer 17

Disputing whether the negative thought logically follows from the facts.

Question 18

What is behavioural activation in CBT?

Answer 18

Encouraging individuals to gradually increase their engagement in activities that improve mood.

Question 19

What is one strength of CBT for depression?

Answer 19

There is a large body of evidence supporting its effectiveness.

Question 20

What did March et al. find about CBT and antidepressants?

Answer 20

CBT is just as effective as antidepressants when used on its own (81% effectiveness for both on their own) + more so when used alongside antidepressants (86% effectiveness together).

Question 21

What is a limitation of CBT for depression?

Answer 21

It is less effective for severe cases and for clients with learning disabilities.

Question 22

Why might CBT be less effective for severe depression?

Answer 22

Clients may not be able to motivate themselves to engage or pay attention to CBT sessions.

Question 23

What does Sturmey say about CBT and learning disabilities?

Answer 23

CBT is generally not suitable for people with learning disabilities.

Question 24

What is a counterpoint to the limitation of CBT for learning disabilities?

Answer 24

Recent reviews suggest CBT can be effective for people with learning disabilities when used appropriately.

Question 25

What is a limitation of CBT regarding relapse rates?

Answer 25

CBT has high relapse rates after treatment.

Question 26

What did Shehzad Ali et al. (2017) find about relapse rates after CBT?

Answer 26

42% of patients relapsed into depression within 6 months of ending treatment, and 53% relapsed within a year.

Question 27

Is CBT cost-effective?

Answer 27

Yes, CBT is usually a fairly brief therapy and is cost-effective.

Question 28

Why is CBT widely seen as a first choice treatment in public health care systems?

Answer 28

Because it is effective and cost-effective.

Question 29

What is one factor that may limit the suitability of CBT for some clients?

Answer 29

The complex rational thinking required in CBT may not be suitable for all clients.

Question 30

What is the role of the therapist in CBT?

Answer 30

To help clients identify and challenge negative or irrational thoughts and encourage positive behavioural changes.

Question 31

How does CBT compare to antidepressant drugs?

Answer 31

Studies show CBT is as effective as antidepressant drugs, and the combination of both is often most effective.

Question 32

What is the main aim of cognitive therapy?

Answer 32

To help clients test the reality of their negative thoughts and beliefs.

Question 33

What is the therapist's role in behavioural activation?

Answer 33

To encourage clients to increase engagement in activities that improve mood and reinforce such activity.