treating depression: cognitive approach

Question 1

true or false?
Beck’s cognitive theory of depression has an application in his treatment

Answer 1

true

Question 2

what did March et. al find in their study of comparisons of depression treatments?

Answer 2

in 327 depressed adolescents after 36 weeks…
81% of CBT group had improved
81% of antidepressants group had improved
86% of group using both treatments had improved

shows that CBT is just as effective as antidepressants when used on its own + more so when used alongside antidepressants

Question 3

true or false?
there is a lack of effectiveness in CBT for clients with learning difficulties

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what did Shehzad Ali et. al research?

Answer 4

assessed depression in 439 clients every month for 12 months following a CBT course

Question 5

why may some people prefer medication over CBT?

Answer 5

symptoms disappear more quickly with medication

Question 6

true or false?
medication is more effective than CBT in the short-term

Answer 6

false - CBT is more highly effective in the short term

Question 7

What does CBT stand for?

Answer 7

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Question 8

What is the main use of CBT?

Answer 8

It is the most commonly used psychological treatment for depression and a range of other mental health issues.

Question 9

What are the two main elements of CBT?

Answer 9

Cognitive element and behavioural element.

Question 10

What does the cognitive element of CBT involve?

Answer 10

The client and therapist work together to clarify problems, identify goals, and plan to achieve them, focusing on identifying negative or irrational thoughts.

Question 11

What does the behavioural element of CBT involve?

Answer 11

Changing negative and irrational thoughts and putting more effective behaviours into place.

Question 12

What is Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Answer 12

A therapy that identifies automatic negative thoughts about the world, self, and future (the negative triad) and challenges them.

Question 13

What is the ‘negative triad’ in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Answer 13

Negative automatic thoughts about the world, the self, and the future.

Question 14

What is a common task given in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Answer 14

Clients may be set homework, such as recording when they enjoyed an event or when people were nice to them.

Question 15

What is the purpose of ‘homework’ in Beck’s cognitive therapy?

Answer 15

To help clients see the reality of their negative beliefs by gathering evidence against them.

Question 16

What is Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)?

Answer 16

A therapy that extends the ABC model to an ABCDE model, focusing on identifying and disputing irrational thoughts.

Question 17

What does the ‘D’ and ‘E’ stand for in the ABCDE model of REBT?

Answer 17

D stands for Dispute, E stands for Effect.

Question 18

What is the main technique of REBT?

Answer 18

Identifying and challenging irrational thoughts.

Question 19

What is ‘empirical argument’ in REBT?

Answer 19

Disputing whether there is actual evidence to support the negative belief.

Question 20

What is ‘logical argument’ in REBT?

Answer 20

Disputing whether the negative thought logically follows from the facts.

Question 21

What is behavioural activation in CBT?

Answer 21

Encouraging individuals to gradually increase their engagement in activities that improve mood.

Question 22

What is one strength of CBT for depression?

Answer 22

There is a large body of evidence supporting its effectiveness.

Question 23

What did John March et al. (2007) find about CBT and antidepressants?

Answer 23

CBT, antidepressants, and their combination were all effective, with the combination being most effective.

Question 24

What is a limitation of CBT for depression?

Answer 24

It is less effective for severe cases and for clients with learning disabilities.

Question 25

Why might CBT be less effective for severe depression?

Answer 25

Clients may not be able to motivate themselves to engage or pay attention to CBT sessions.

Question 26

What does Peter Sturmey (2005) say about CBT and learning disabilities?

Answer 26

CBT is generally not suitable for people with learning disabilities.

Question 27

What is a counterpoint to the limitation of CBT for learning disabilities?

Answer 27

Recent reviews suggest CBT can be effective for people with learning disabilities when used appropriately.

Question 28

What is a limitation of CBT regarding relapse rates?

Answer 28

CBT has high relapse rates; many people relapse into depression after treatment.

Question 29

What did Shehzad Ali et al. (2017) find about relapse rates after CBT?

Answer 29

42% of patients relapsed into depression within 6 months of ending treatment, and 53% relapsed within a year.

Question 30

Is CBT cost-effective?

Answer 30

Yes, CBT is usually a fairly brief therapy and is cost-effective.

Question 31

Why is CBT widely seen as a first choice treatment in public health care systems?

Answer 31

Because it is effective and cost-effective.

Question 32

What is one factor that may limit the suitability of CBT for some clients?

Answer 32

The complex rational thinking required in CBT may not be suitable for all clients.

Question 33

What is the role of the therapist in CBT?

Answer 33

To help clients identify and challenge negative or irrational thoughts and encourage positive behavioural changes.

Question 34

How does CBT compare to antidepressant drugs?

Answer 34

Studies show CBT is as effective as antidepressant drugs, and the combination of both is often most effective.

Question 35

What is the main aim of cognitive therapy?

Answer 35

To help clients test the reality of their negative thoughts and beliefs.

Question 36

What is the therapist's role in behavioural activation?

Answer 36

To encourage clients to increase engagement in activities that improve mood and reinforce such activity.