Treatment in Forensic Populations - Lecture 10

Question 1

What are the implications of the term ‘treatment’?

Answer 1

An illness
A diagnosis
A cure
Prognosis

Question 2

What term do forensic scientists prefer?

Answer 2

Programme

Question 3

What does this programme involve?

Answer 3

A course of activity, aimed at bringing about some outcome change in behaviour, typically to reduce offending

Question 4

What type of ‘treatments’ can be used?

Answer 4

Prison (deterrent/rehabilitation)
Medication (mental health, detox)
Staff behaviour (bullying/respect)
Programmes (sex offending, anger, drugs)
Work or education 
Privileges

Question 5

What is prison?

Answer 5

Containment, deterrent, place for rehabilitation/training

Question 6

What are two reasons why Ainsworth (2000) says it isn’t effective?

Answer 6

95% of those who commit a crime are not convicted.

Those convicted go to prison months (years?) after committing the crime so doesn’t work in behaviourist terms.

Question 7

What does containment do?

Answer 7

Removes people from society but can you stay in prison forever?

Question 8

What does re-habilitation do?

Answer 8

It prevents re-offending

Question 9

What is training for?

Answer 9

For the outside world

Question 10

If a prisoner is mentally ill, what happens?

Answer 10

The prison is legally required to provide medication - anti-depressants

Question 11

If a prisoner has a drug problem, what happens?

Answer 11

They have to go on a detox regime

Question 12

What is the benefit of the detox regime?

Answer 12

It significantly reduces suicide, self-harm an deaths in custody

Question 13

What is the most common detox drug?

Answer 13

Buprenorphine for opiate addiction or methadone, dihydrocodeine

Question 14

What is ACCT?

Answer 14

Assessment, Care in Custody, Treatment - a prison service violence reduction strategy

Question 15

Where are prison officers often recruited from?

Answer 15

The armed forces

Question 16

What do effective programmes need to be?

Answer 16

Structured, focused and addressing distinct problem.
Staff need to be firm, but fair, who reinforce anti-criminal attitudes.
Staff should be committed, enthusiastic and supported by management.
Programme needs to target attitudes and values that support offending.
Need to use problem-solving and social learning
Programme should be matched to offender characteristics.
Monitored in terms of recidivism and personal growth.
Target medium and high risk offenders
Attempt to generalise beyond institutional setting.

Question 17

What programme is most effective?

Answer 17

Cognitive-behavioural therapy

Question 18

What are the six key areas of cognitive functioning this programme aims to improve?

Answer 18

1. Self control/management
2. Interpersonal problem-solving and social interaction
3. Rigid/inflexible thinking
4. Social perspective taking
5. Analytical thinking
6. Moral reasoning

Question 19

What is cognitive behavioural sequence?

Answer 19

Events, thoughts, behaviour

Question 20

How many accredited offender behaviour programmes are there?

Answer 20

45

Question 21

Accreditation by…

Answer 21

NOMS

Question 22

What is the accreditation?

Answer 22

It’s evidence-based, consistent with ‘What works’, typically CBT, appropriate assessments, quality monitored and evaluated.

Question 23

What is the range of programmes?

Answer 23

From very specific (eg. alcohol-related ARV) to very general (eg. Belief in change).

Question 24

What is the range in length of programme?

Answer 24

From short (4 weeks) to long (a year), from one-to-one to group

Question 25

What are the programmes called that are separate for women and juvenile?

Answer 25

CARE for women and JETS for juvenile

Question 26

What do they focus on?

Answer 26

General offending behaviour (eg. Thinking skills programme), aggression and anger, substance misuse, sexual offending.

Question 27

What did Welsh and Farrington, 2004 reveal might reduce delinquent behaviour?

Answer 27

Parent education (home visits)
Parent management training
Child skills training
Pre-school intellectual enrichment

Question 28

What are the four cognitive skills programmes used with violent offenders?

Answer 28

ART (Aggression Replacement Training)
CDVP (Community Domestic Violence)
HRP (Healthy Relationships)
Resolve (for reactive of instrumental violence)

Question 29

What is chemical ‘castration’?

Answer 29

When hormones are injected or anti-androgens into a person to reduce testosterone. There are side effects and its ineffective.

Question 30

What are Sex offenders treatment programmes?

Answer 30

SOTP -
Adapted, rolling, core, extended and booster
Mixed success - criteria unmet and biggest problem is that it is not targeted at individual needs.
Denial prevents access
Also now community variants and HSF (for high-risk)

Question 31

What is DIP?

Answer 31

Drugs intervention programmes (eg. P-ASRO (Prison addressing substance related offending), FOCUS and LIAP.

Question 32

What is RAPT?

Answer 32

Rehabilitation for Addicted Prisoners Trust

Question 33

What are these programmes monitored by?

Answer 33

The National Drug Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS)

Question 34

What was the age range with the largest number of people in treatment in 2010-11?

Answer 34

30-34 (49-60% were abstinent at 6 months review)

Question 35

All have side effects. What side effect has DIP had?

Answer 35

In about 2% of participants, there was a rise in drug usage (2011)

Question 36

What do some sex offenders see SOTP as?

Answer 36

Training