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Written Prep > Treatment interventions > Flashcards

Treatment interventions Flashcards

1
Q

4 training principles for all exercise?

A
  1. specificity
  2. overload
  3. reversibility
  4. individuality
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2
Q

5 CI’s to resisted training?

A
  1. acute inflammation
  2. joint effusion
  3. severe CVD
  4. #
  5. joint / muscle pain during AROM OR isometric testing**
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3
Q

4 precautions to resisted training?

A
  1. OP/ osteopenia
  2. fatigue
  3. medications
  4. inappropriate temp and clothing
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4
Q

Increase resisted training by __ - __ %

A

2-10

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5
Q

For ____ ______ resisted training = focus on body weight exercises, ADLs, walking program, endurance, major muscle groups

A

older adult

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6
Q

For ____ resisted training = focus on bone loading, endurance not hypertrophy, body weight

A

kids

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7
Q

External stabilization is typically required for OKC exercise (T/F)

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Better ______ in OKC exercise

A

isolation

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9
Q

May be more joint _____ in OKC exercise

A

shear

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10
Q

OKC = usually ____ bearing

A

non - weight

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11
Q

CKC exercise = typically ____ bearing

A

weight

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12
Q

CKC = activation of multiple muscles (T/F)

A

TRUE

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13
Q

CKC = _____ stabilization

A

internal

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14
Q

Easier to cheat w/ compensatory movements in OKC or CKC exercise ?

A

CKC

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15
Q

Increase joint _______ in CKC exercise, greater co-contraction, proprioception and kinaesthetic feedback is debatable

A

approximation (decrease joint shear)

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16
Q

6 CI’s to stretching?

A
  1. acute inflammation or infection
  2. unhealed # that can’t be protected
  3. joint effusion
  4. recent corticosteroid injection to involved tissue
  5. specific to certain Sx
  6. hypermobile segment
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17
Q

5 precautions for stretching?

A
  1. known or suspected OP
  2. elders patients
  3. newly united # *must be protected
  4. vigorous stretching of recently immobilized tissue
  5. edematous tissue
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18
Q

Prescription for stretching ?

A
  1. slowly applied, low intensity stretch (comfortable)
  2. 30-60s static duration
  3. 2-4 reps
  4. at least 1x per day
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19
Q

_____ = requires normal innervations and voluntary control of either shortened muscle of its opposing muscle

A

PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation)

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20
Q

3 types of PNF stretches?

A
  1. hold-relax
  2. agonist-contract
  3. hold-contract agonist contract
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21
Q

FIIT parameters for STRENGTH?

A 
F = < 6 reps , 2-6 sets
I = > 85% of 1RM
T = 2-5 min rest
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22
Q

FIIT parameters for POWER?

A 
F = 1-5 reps, 3-5 sets 
I = 75-90% 1RM
T = 2-5 min rest
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23
Q

FITT parameters for HYPERTROPHY?

A 
F = 6-12 reps, 3-5 sets 
I = 67-85% 1RM
T = 30-90s rest
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24
Q

FITT parameters for ENDURANCE?

A 
F = > 12 reps, 2-3 sets 
I = < 67% of 1RM
T = < 30s rest
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25
Q

PROM/AROM FITT parameters>

A 
F = 10-20 reps, 1-2 sets, 1-2x per day 
I = into available ROM (joint stiffness should be limiting factor, not mm tightness)
T = every day
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26
Q

Stretching FITT parameters?

A 
F = 2-3 sets 
I = comfortable stretch 
T = 30 s hold; at least 1x per day if not multiple times
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27
Q

Accessory joint motions occur naturally during active movement (T/F)

A

TRUE

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28
Q

Accessory joint motions are required for proper ________ and _______ (distraction, compression, roll, spin, glide)

A

osteokinematics; arthrokinematics

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29
Q

3 indications for joint mobilization?

A
  1. decreased passive movement of joint
  2. early capsular EF
  3. mechanical pain
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30
Q

CI’s for joint mobilizations? (7) ***

A
  1. #
  2. neoplasm
  3. acute inflammatory process
  4. apparent hyper mobility of instability in direction of technique
  5. bone / joint infection
  6. SC S/S
  7. spasm or bony end feel
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31
Q

Precautions to joint mobilizations?

A
  1. impaired circulation or sensation
  2. OP or compromised health
  3. haemophiliacs
  4. poor skin conditions
  5. open wounds
  6. discomfort in Rx position
  7. marked skeletal deformity
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32
Q

Joint mobilizations: if concave surface is moving it will move in the ____ direction as the long bone; if the convex surface is moving it will move in the ____ direction of the long bone

A

same; opposite

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33
Q

NEVER mobilize through a _____ EF

A

SPASM!

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34
Q

Grade __ Maitland : small amplitude movement at beginning of range

A

I

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35
Q

Grade __ Maitland: large amplitude movement from beginning to middle range (before resistance) usually into R1 when issues start to tighten

A

II

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36
Q

Grade __ Maitland = large amplitude movement from middle to end of available range (into resistance) R2 where limitation is usually due to a tight capsule

A

III

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37
Q

Grade __ Maitland = small amplitude movement at end of available range into resistance

A

IV

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38
Q

Grade __ Maitland = small amplitude high velocity movement at end of available range

A

V

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39
Q

Appropriate joint mob for when you have resistance and no pain?

A

Gr IV or V

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40
Q

Appropriate joint mob for when you have resistance before pain?

A

Gr IV or III

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41
Q

Appropriate joint mob for when you have pain before resistance or AT resistance?

A

Gr I or II

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42
Q

Kaltenborn Gr __ = small amplitude distraction

A

I

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43
Q

Kaltenborn Gr __ = distraction or glide to take up slack

A

II

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44
Q

Kaltenborn Gr __ = distraction of glide to stretch the tissues

A

III

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45
Q

Kaltenborn sustained joint mobs: cycle of __ - __ s hold

A

6-10

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46
Q

Joint mobs Rx: __ x __ s boughts, checking in with patient; re-Ax ____ and ____ movement (PIVM or PAVM); repeat __ more times, always re Az

A

3x10; active; passive; 2

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47
Q

What to warn pt to expect post joint mobs?

A
  1. treatment soreness

2. temporary after effects

48
Q

4 effects of grade I and II joint mobilizations?

A
  1. neurophysiological
  2. mechanoreceptor stimuatlion
  3. mechanical effect
  4. vascular affect
49
Q

Neurophysiolocal effects of Gr I and II joint mobs = ___ muscle tone, _____ and ______ release

A

decreased; endorphin; enkephalin

50
Q

Vascular effects of Gr I and II joint mobs = joint _____

A

nutrition

51
Q

Mechanoreceptor effect of Gr I and II joint mobs = _____ gaiting

A

pain

52
Q

Mechanical effects of Gr I and II joint mobs = mobilize _____ and ______tissue; joint lubricaiton

A

collagen; neuromeningeal

53
Q

Grade III and IV joint mobs: same as grade I and II, plus greater _____ effects and enhanced joint ______, elongated shortened capsuloligamentous tissue

A

mechanical; lubrication

54
Q

Grade V joint mob = same as previous grades but with greater _________ and more _______ effects, joint cavitation

A

neurophysiological; mechanical

55
Q

2 indications to perform TC joint manipulation ?

A
  1. to restore rull ROM at end range of DF and PF when the progressive mobilizations are no longer effective (last 5 deg()
  2. to gain last few degrees of DF and PF when a NON CAPSULAR limitation of motion is present
56
Q

After a TC joint manipulation, ALWAYS suspect an underlying ______ and reAx ______

A

hypermobility; stability

57
Q

3 effects of TC joint manipulation?

A
  1. tearing of scar tissue
  2. quick stretch to joint capsule
  3. stim of mechanoreceptors -neurophysiological effects
58
Q

CI’s to joint manipulation (15)? ***

A
  1. #
  2. joint instability in direction of manipulation
  3. inflammatory joint disease
  4. malignancy
  5. bone disease
  6. OP
  7. open wound of skin lesion in area
  8. poor circulation or sensory deficit in area
  9. spasm of increased pain w/ test hold
  10. unsure of health or Dx
  11. pt doesn’t want to be manipulated
  12. pt is on anticoagulants
  13. haemophiliacs
  14. inability of pt to relax
  15. PT factors
59
Q

Cautions / CI’s for novice manipulators

A
  1. pain or instability PROXIMALLY in lower kinetic chain ( for TC joint manipulation)
  2. uncertainty about indications of technique
  3. children
  4. diabetics
  5. elderly
    • SLR on effected side (for TC manip)
60
Q

Follow up Rx for TC joint manip?

A
  1. ROM exercises (assuming joint is stable)
  2. post Rx soreness can occur, suggest use of ice
  3. balance
  4. proprioception
  5. strength
  6. protected function
  7. taping / bracing if joint is unstable
61
Q

4 purposes of DTFM?

A
  1. to maintain / regain mobility
  2. prevent scar tissue adhesions
  3. create hyperemia
  4. create analgesia
62
Q

3 affects of DTFM?

A
  1. hyperaemia
  2. mechanical stress to break adhesions / align collagen
  3. mechanoreceptor stim and dec pain
63
Q

Rx for DTFM?

A
  1. 2-3 cycles / second

2. at least 3-5 minutes

64
Q

DTFM: find lesion, friction ________ to tissue

A

perpendicular

65
Q

When to perform DTFM for muscle injuries? For ligament and tendon?

A
  1. muscle = only done when subacute ** (5-10 days+) or chronic
  2. tendon and ligament can be done in acute to chronic
66
Q

DTFM for muscle: have muscle belly ____, follow w/ _____ contractions in inner range

A

relaxed; active

67
Q

DTFM for ligament / tendon: have on pain free ____, follow up w/ exercise

A

STRETCH

68
Q

CI’s to DTFM? (8)

A
  1. infection
  2. skin breakdown
  3. ossification / clacification
  4. CT or inflammatory joint disease
  5. neural irritation
  6. bursitis
  7. recent local injection
  8. long term steroid, anticoagulant or anti inflammatory use
69
Q

3 precautions to DTRM?

A
  1. elderly
  2. children
  3. diabetic
70
Q

Metabolic syndrome: need > __ diagnostic criteria

A

3

71
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria you need > 3 for Dx of metabolic syndrome ?

A
  1. inc blood pressure
  2. fasting blood glucose
  3. waist girth
  4. triglycerides
  5. decreased HDL
72
Q

Things to consider when functional activity training w/ athletes? (8)

A
  1. stage of healing (NOT during acute)
  2. ROM
  3. strength / power / endurance
  4. neuromuscular control
  5. proprioception
  6. core control
  7. prophylactic taping / bracing / padding
  8. responsibilities of the athlete
73
Q

CI’s to functional activity training ? (5)

A
  1. persistent joint effusion
  2. joint instability
  3. poor motor control
  4. lack of ROM
  5. muscle length and appropriate muscle strength and power (at least 90% of contralateral side)
74
Q

Criteria for RTP when working w/ athletes? (7)

A
  1. no acute S/S
  2. full AROM and PROM of joints involved
  3. adequate muscle strength, power, endurance (90%)
  4. correct movement mechanics
  5. adequate CR fitness
  6. successful competition of Fx tests
  7. psychologically ready
75
Q

Concepts of functional activity training? (7)

A
  1. load
  2. stability
  3. velocity
  4. direction changes
  5. test environment
  6. correct movement mechanics throughout
  7. energy systems
76
Q

Most stable gait aid device?

A

walker

77
Q

No ____ swing when using walkers

A

arm

78
Q

Measurement of walkers: stand inside, handles to ____ ____ or __ - __ degree elbow flexion holding handles

A

wrist crease; 20-30

79
Q

Cane = ____ base of support, help balance, ____ stable type of aid

A

widen; least

80
Q

Measurement of cane: cane parallel to leg w/ tip in line with _____, hand position as per ______

A

ankle; walker

81
Q

Crutches: help with _____ stability and improve balance (increases BOS); helps ______ WB

A

lateral; decrease

82
Q

Measurement of crutches: has distal end __ inches lateral and __ inches in front and anterior to for, hands placed as per walkers

A

2; 6

83
Q

Need more arm strength to use forearm crutches (T/F)

A

TRUE

84
Q

Measurement of forearm crutches: cuff on proximal ___ of forearm, __ - __ inches below elbow

A

1/3; 1 - 1.5

85
Q

Normal gait = __ % stance, __ % swing

A

60;40

86
Q

Step TO or step THROUGH gait can be done with what 2 gait aids?

A
  1. crutches

2. walker

87
Q

4 point gait = ______, __ aid advanced, then opposite LE advanced

A

asynchronous; 1

88
Q

4 pt gait = __ - __ points of support on ground at all times

A

3-4

89
Q

4 pt gait can be done w/ bilateral ____, ____ or ____ if FeWB

A

crutches. canes, walkers

90
Q

4pt gait provides slow, stable gait (T/F)

A

TRUE

91
Q

2 point gait = _____, similar to 4 pt gait but only __ point of contact maintained at all times

A

Synchronous, 2

92
Q

2 pt gait: __ leg and _____ aid advanced at the same time

A

1; contralateral

93
Q

2 gait aids 2 point gait can be done w/?

A
  1. bilateral crutches

2. canes

94
Q

2 point gait = _____ when only 1 crutch or cane is used

A

MODIFIED

95
Q

__ point gait = for NWB, FeWB, or PWB

A

3

96
Q

If pt is PWB < __ % can’t use cane for 3 point gait

A

80!

97
Q

3pt gait can be done with what 2 gait aids?

A
  1. crutches

2. standard walker

98
Q

3 pt gait: step__ pattern progressed to step ___

A

to; through

99
Q

Neurodynamic techniques: do NOT treat or asses if ____ ____ signs are present!!!

A

hard neuro

100
Q

Neuruodynamics: do assess if _____ _____ signs are present but be careful!

A

peripheral conduction

101
Q

CI’s to neurodynamic techniques?

A
  1. undiagnosed condition
  2. worsening condition
  3. severe irritability
  4. presence of hard neuro signs
102
Q

PKB tests L __ - L __

A

2-4

103
Q

SLR rests L__/__ - S__

A

4/5 - 2

104
Q

Neurodynamic Rx: start movement at ____ area and perform indirect Rx (treat ____)

A

remote; interface

105
Q

Name two population mirror therapy can be very beneficial for

A
  1. amputees

2. CRPS

106
Q

________ = sensory and motor integration

A

stereognosis

107
Q

8 benefits of traction?

A
  1. separation of vertebral bodies
  2. increased IVF diameter
  3. mobilization of the Z joints
  4. flattening of spinal curves
  5. mechanoreceptor stimulation / pain inhibition
  6. decreased muscle spasm
  7. mobilization of muscle and CT
  8. improved circulation (blood and lymph)
108
Q

Indications for traction?

A
  1. joint dysfunction (hypo mobility)
  2. degeneration (associated hypo mobility)
  3. nerve root compression or disc pathology
  4. pain
109
Q

CI’s to traction? (L spine; 8)

A
  1. acute
  2. pt can’t tolerate traction position
  3. bad response to manual traction
  4. recent Sx
  5. underling hypermobility or instability
  6. malignancy
  7. S/S of SC or CE compression
  8. vascular compromise
110
Q

CI’s to C spine traction?

A

same as L spine, also:

  1. S/S VBI
  2. TMJ dysfunction
  3. RA
  4. down syndrome
  5. cervical myelopathy
  6. glaucoma
111
Q

Precautions for traction? (8)

A
  1. pregnancy
  2. resp Problems
  3. OP
  4. spondylolisthesis
  5. hypermobility / instability
  6. claustrophobia
  7. extremely restricted ROM
  8. little improvement w/ rest
112
Q

4 things to ALWAYS check prior to traction?

A
  1. VBI
  2. neuro test
  3. neuromobility and conduction
  4. stability
113
Q

Traction: forces that are required are usually __ - __ % of body weight, do manual first then if good response for __ - __ sessions can put on mechanical

A

10-20; 2-3

114
Q

CI’s to DTFM? (5)

A
  1. skin breakdown / infection
  2. inflammatory joint disease
  3. recent local injection
  4. ossification / calcification
  5. bursitis
115
Q

CI’s to massage? (12)

A
  1. autoimmune diseases during flare ups
  2. fever
  3. haemorrhage
  4. embolism
  5. DVT
  6. flu
  7. migraine headache
  8. serious psych diagnosis
  9. recent surgery
  10. acute RA
  11. sickle cell disease
  12. pneumonia

Written Prep (9 decks)

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