Treatment Modlities Flashcards
(18 cards)
Cold therapy
Ice has always been used to reduce inflammation via vasconstricrtion
But some inflammation is positive sand is needed to move onto the next stage
Cold will slow nerve conduction speeds therefore reducing pain
What should your aims be when selecting a treatment modality
Find the most appropriate treatment modality for the phase of healing
To support the physiological processes of the body
Make peace in the early phases
Spread love in the latter
Think about what phases of healing the patient is in
What is happening in that phase
What are the physiological aims of the phases
How can we support these aims with a treatment method
What are differnt treatment modalities
Protection
Education
Taping
Joint mobilisation
Myofacial relase and trigger point
Electrotheapy
Massage
Exercise rehabilitation
Compression
Protect
Phased used inflammation
-aims remove load from injured area
Enable patient to continue normal life
Make the area feel more comfortable and safe
Proliferation
Continue to offload until tissue is ready
Use to progressively introduce load
-offloading the inured area with a sling,aircast boots, crutches, brace or support
Removing load enables the healing processes to begin uninterrupted
Severity will dictate protocols
Education
Used throughout rehab -
Aims promote optimism
Promote sense of control
Educating the patient on some key aspects of their injury enables them to feel in control, gives them autonomy over their rehabilitation, allows for sensible decisions to be made without professional input
Some useful aspects of education included
-inform about the injured structure
Phases of healing including approximate timings
Basic pain education
Use of pain as a guide
Negative impact of complete rest
Power of graded activity
Why might a scan be counter- productive
Passive treatment are an adjunct
Compression
Inflammation phase - control inflammation
Provide feeling of support
Maturation - improve recovery from intense bouts of rehabs
Applying an external force via tape or bandage can reduce tissue oedema
Zinc oxide taping - joint control, early in ankle or wrist
Elastic adhesive = skin
Velcro supports
Air cast= pump up with air
Tubigrip= create a lot of compression round larger parts of the joint, not smaller parts
Joint mobilisation
Proliferation - encourage synovial fluid release
Stress to ligament/ joint capsule
Maturation - encourage efficent collagen reorganisation
Improve effective collagen replacement with stronger, more functional tissue cells
- mobilisation are the application of graded external force causing accersory joint movement
Usually used to apply a stress to a ligament & joint capsule
Movements that may only take place at specific times times
Or may take place as part of a full movement
Gliding, distraction, passive joint ROM
Massage
Inflammatory
Aims - placebo effect/analgesic
Maintain blood floe
Promote lymphatic activity
Proliferation
Increased blood flow = macrophage activity
Maturation stimulate cross-link bridges
Promote fibre replacement & orientation
Massage techniques include
-efflerage, petrissage, tapotement
Other soft tissue techniques include
-myofascial release
Trigger pointing
Reduce/control inflammation
Above an away to encourage blood flow
NMES neuromuscular stimulation
Commonly known as the brand name complex
Involves an electrical impulse delivered via surface electrodes
This impulse stimulates the motor nerve causing a muscular contraction
Benefits
-pain relief - stimulation of mechanrecptors (pain gate theory)
Muscle stimulation - increased local blood flow
Reduced oedema
Useful when joint pain restricts activity
Often post surgical
Low level laser therapy
The absorption of photoenergy into the tissues
Cell membrane = primary absorber of energy
Intracelluclar effects via a cascade response
Alteration of cellular metabolism = photo signal transduction
Increase bone function, cartilage production, nerve regeneration, muscle regeneration & muscle atrophy, collagen production, angiogenesis and neovascualrizaion
Decrease inflammation and edema
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is a form of mechanical energy , not electrical energy
Mechanical vibration at increasing frequencies is known as sound energy
Can be applied using a range of doses
-short or long wave
-constant or pulsed
-high or low dosage
Dependent on waves moving through tissue
Pro-inflammation, pro-proliferation, remodelling
Exercise rehabilitaron
Inflammatory = maintain blood flow promoting neutrophil migration and macrophage production
Enhances debris removal with lymphatic activity
Proliferation - encourage formation of collagen through myofibroblasts activity
Develop confidence
Maturation - stimulate cross-link formation
Promote the functional requirements of type i collagen
Cells of the body respond to stresses, these stresses can come from load (tensile, compressive or shearing)
Following the application of load cells communicate to adapt and align to these stresses
This result is know as an effector response eg relase of growth factors in response to muscle load greater than the muscle is capable
The whole process is known as mechanotransdcution, defined as the process by which a cell converts mechanical stimuli into cellular receptors
The first E in peace and love stands for
Elevation
Why is ice potentially not as advantageous as once thought
Distrusts inflammation
Which of these is not a potential benefit of neuromuscular stimulation
Triggers new tissue growth
A non weight bearing bott, compression,elevation and education are all treatment techniques used in what stage
Inflammation
What role do joint mobilisations play during the maturation phases of a ligament injury
Apply an external stress to the ligament, encouraging efficient reorganisation and function of collagen
