Treatment Of Disease Flashcards
(21 cards)
When does Pasteur discover the vaccine for chicken cholera?
1878
What accident lead to the discovery of chicken cholera?
Pasteur accidentally left a culture of bacteria until it lost its potency, giving an insight in how to produce more vaccines
When did Pasteur develop a vaccine for anthrax?
1881
How a when is Pasteur able to test his first vaccine on a human?
1885 - a child, bitten by a rabid dog was brought to him. They would die if not treated so Pasteur administered vaccine as a live test; was SUCCESSFUL
Why was there a rivalry between Koch and Pasteur around 1880s?
Due to them both receiving government funding, and the previous Franco - Prussian in 1870-1
What was the first “Magic bullet”? When and who discovered it?
A “Magic Bullet” is a chemical cure for a specific disease which does not harm the body in any was
Discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1909
Discovered after trying 606 different compounds - named Salvarsan 606
Who and how was the cure to Diphtheria discovered?
1890 - Emil von Behring discovered cured using body’s natural antitoxins
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
Why was the discovery of pencilling partly up to chance?
Fleming when studying staphylococcus cultures (bacteria), accidentally leaving out the Petri dish when he went on holiday came back to discover that one of these was infected with mould, which had destroyed sone of the bacteria.
Why is penicillin different to Salvarsan 606?
Salvarsan is based on chemical creation, while penicillin is based on mould, a living thing.
Why were many unimpressed by Fleming’s findings?
When did Fleming publish his findings?
In 1929 he published his research into penicillin
Why did progress in penicillin halt soon after Fleming published is findings?
He fail to secure government funding to continue this research and returned to his original work ( finding cure to gangrene & septicemia)
Who followed up on Fleming research?
In 1939 a team at Oxford hospital Led by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain followed up on Fleming’s research into penicillin, trying to purify it for tests
How were the first tests for Penicillin by Florey & Chain conducted?
On mice with using streptococci and purified penicillin
What was the problem with testing purified penicillin on humans?
500 liters of penicillin mound would be needed to test on a human
What was the second “magic bullet” and when was it discovered?
Prontosil in 1935 - used to treat streptococcus infections, scarlet fever, pneumonia etc.
Why did the team decide to use Penicillin only on children?
As they required smaller doses and completing the treatment is vital.
When was penicillin first tested on a human patient?
1941
List tree main reasons for the development of penicillin?
Institutions - The US government agreed to fund Florey’s research for 5 years, this enabled him to evelop methods to mass-produce the drug
Individuals - Florey & Chain built on the work of Fleming, all three were actively looking for a chemical treatment for disease and illness.
Science and Tech - Scientist were able to observe how penicillin attacked staphylococcus bacteria and this enabled them to modify to attack other types of bacteria; development in new ways to store and mass-produce penicillin made the drug available in vast quantities
War - The Second World War gave an added urgency’s to the development of penicillin and governments provided money to support this
Attitudes in society - There were no trade nets for infections during the First World War but the development of the second “magic bullet” during the 1930s provided hope that new drugs could be developed
