treatment of infectious diseases Flashcards
(21 cards)
Babesia canis vogeli
Imidocarb diproprionate
Babesia gibsoni
Azithromycin and atovaquone
If the initial treatment for Babesia gibsoni is unsuccessful what do you use next?
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
Doxycycline
Babesia felis treatment
Prinoquine phosphate
What are the common findings for a patient with Babesia
Regenerative Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Splenomegally
bilirubinuria/hemoglobinuria
MEthods of diagnosis for Babesiosis
Serology- evidence of antibody
Cytology- visualizing piroplasms within the erythrocytes
PCR - detects the protozoa and differentiates the species involved
Babesia prognosis
Good- pending appropriate treatment
Some patients can become perisistently infected and have recurrence if immunosuppressed
Babesiosis prevention
Tick prevention
Prevent fights/bites between pets
Screen blood donors
How is Cytauxzoon felis transmitted
Transmitted through tick vectors
The Bobcat appears to be the reservoir host
Outdoor cats appera to be at higher risk
What stage in the Cytauxzoon felis life cycle is Acute illness associated with
Schizogenous phase
Pathogenesis of Cytauxzoon felis
Schizont distended mononuclear cells occlude small veins and capillaries especially in the spleen, liver, lung and lymph nodes.
This causes a systemic inflammatory response
DIC
Multi-organ failure
Clinical signs of Cytauxzoon felis
acute onset of lethargy and anorexia in a previously healthy cat
Tachypnea, dyspnea, vocalization
PE findings of Cytauxzoon felis infected patient
Fever
Icterus
Splenomegally, hepatomegaly, lymphadenomegaly
Clinical Features of Cytauxzoon felis infection
CBC: Pancytopenia -> Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia
Chemistry: Hyperbilirubinemia (due to hepatic vascular occlusion and/or hemolysis
Urinalysis: bilirubinuria
Coagulation panel: Prolonged aPTT and PT (DIC)
Methods of diagnosing C. felis
Cytology - identification of schizont laden mononuclear cells
FNA of spleen, liver and lymph nodes of affected cats
PCR of whole blood: Most sensitive and specific test, but delayed results are common, so treatment must be initiated based on the presumptive diagnosis
Why is serology not appropriate for C. felis diagnosis
The body is unable to generate antibodies before the disease process has initiated
Treatment of C.felis
Atovaquone and Azithromycin + aggressive supportive care has 85% chance of survival
Prognosis of C.felis
Fatal if not treated
Atovaquone and Azithromycin + supporitve care = 85% chance of survival
Prevention of C.felis infection
Tick control
Keep cats indoors especially in endemic regions
T/F in a cat: Piroplasms can confirm illness due to cytauxzoonosis
False: Piroplasms CANNOT conirm lillness due to Cytauxzoonosis
What type of IV fluid therapy is utilized for both Babesiosis and Cytauxzoonosis to maintain hydration status
Crystalloid fluids
