Treatment of Myocarditis, Endocarditis, and Pericarditis Flashcards

Question

What are the Warnings of Carvedilol

Answer 1

Warnings •Acute exacerbation of coronary artery disease upon cessation of therapy; donot abruptly discontinue. • Bradycardia, hypotension, worsening heart failure/fluid retention may occur. Reduce dose as needed. • Non-allergic bronchospasm (e.g.chronic bronchitis and emphysema):Avoidβ-blockers. If deemed necessary, use with caution and at lowest effective dose. • Diabetes: monitor glucose as beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia or worsen hyperglycemia.

Answer 2

* Bronchial asthma or related bronchospastic conditions * Second-or third-degree AV block * Severe bradycardia (unless permanent pacemaker in place) * Severe hepatic impairment * History of serious hypersensitivity reaction Adverse Reactions: •Heart failure and LV dysfunction following myocardial infarction (≥10%): Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, asthenia, bradycardia, weight increase •Hypertension (≥5%): Dizziness

Answer 3

Beta1-selective adrenoceptor blocking agent IND: used in the treatment for angina, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, HF, and HPTN Monitoring Parameters: - Blood pressure - Heart rate - Serium createnine and BUN

Answer 4

``` Contraindications •abrupt discontinuation •acute bronchospasm •acute heart failure •asthma ``` Warnings: •Cardiac Failure •In Patients Without a History of Cardiac Failure •Abrupt Cessation of Therapy ``` Adverse Reactions •acne vulgaris •alopecia •angina •angioedema •arthralgia •asthenia •AV block •back pain •bradycardia •bronchospasm •chest pain (unspecified) •cough •depression ```

Answer 5

Metoprolol is a competitive beta 1 selective cardioselective adrenergic antagonist ``` IND:•acute myocardial infarction •angina •atrial fibrillation •atrial flutter •cardiomyopathy •heart failure •hypertension •migraine prophylaxis •reduction of cardiovascular mortality •tremor •unstable angina ``` Monitoring Parameters: - BP - HR

Answer 6

``` Contraindications •abrupt discontinuation •acute bronchospasm •acute heart failure •asthma •AV block •beta-blocker hypersensitivity •bradycardia •breast-feeding •bronchitis •cardiogenic shock •cerebrovascular disease ``` ``` Adverse reactions: -abdominal pain •agranulocytosis •alopecia •amnesia •anxiety •arthralgia •AV block •blurred vision ```

Answer 7

EDEMA indicated in adults and pediatric patients for the treatment of edema associated with CHF, cirrhosis, renal disease IV administration, oral, paraenteral

Answer 8

Hypersensitivity to furosemide Warnings: Potent diuretic which excessive amounts can lead to water and electrolyte depletion

Answer 9

All patients receiving furosemide therapy should be observed for these signs or symptoms of fluid or electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia, hypochloremicalkalosis, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia or hypocalcemia) Dryness of mouth, thirst, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, restlessness, muscle pains or cramps, muscular fatigue, hypotension, oliguria, tachycardia, arrhythmia, or GI disturbances such as N/V Furosemide may increase the ototoxic potential of aminoglycoside antibiotics, especially in the presence of impaired renal function. Except in life-threatening situations, avoid this combination. Furosemide should not be used concomitantly with ethacrynic acid because of the possibility of ototoxicity.

Answer 10

aldosterone antagonist and acts as a Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Indications: •Used in the treatment of HF, reduced ejection fraction to increase survival •Manage edema •Reduce the need for hospitalization for HF •HPTN •Edema assoc. with Hepatic/Nephrotic Syndrome •Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 11

Contraindications: •Hypokalemia •Addison’s Disease •Concomitant use of Eplerenone WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hyperkalemia>>Monitor serum K+ Hypotension and worsening renal function>>Monitor Electrolyte and Metabolic Anomalies: Monitor serum electrolytes uric acid and blood glucose Gynecomastia (AE)

Answer 12

DRUG INTERACTIONS •Agents ^serum K+>>Hyperkalemia •Lithium: ^Li toxicity •NSAIDs reduces effect of Aldosterone

Answer 13

Nonsteroidal and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) for nearly all patients with acute idiopathic or viral pericarditis in combination with Colchicine Duration of treatment is based upon the resolution of symptoms and normalization of C-reactive protein (CRP). In this approach, CRP is assessed at presentation and then weekly, using the anti-inflammatory dose of NSAIDs until complete resolution of symptoms (for at least 24 hours) and normalization of CRP, at which point tapering begins.

Answer 14

Glucocorticoids should be used for initial treatment of acute pericarditis only in patients with contraindications to NSAIDs, or for specific indications (ie, systemic inflammatory diseases, pregnancy, and possibly renal failure), and should be used at the lowest effective dose.

Answer 15

Gastrointestinal toxicity important to co administer PPIs or even Colchine

Answer 16

* Aspirin * Ketorolac, * Indomethacin * Ibuprofen * Flurbiprofen * Naproxen * Diclofenac * Celecoxib * Meloxicam

Answer 17

COntraindictions: -Active or duodenal ulcer Warnings: - HF, Hypertension patients - GI irritation - Increased renal toxicity

Answer 18

Decreased appetite Edema Fluid retention

Answer 19

IND: Gout treatment (acute flares) -Pericarditis, acute or recurrent (treatment) (off-label use) Patients with acute idiopathic or viral pericarditis Drug interactions: Co-administration of CYP3A4 inhibitors

Answer 20

CONTRAINDICATIONS: •Patients with renal or hepatic impairment •Drugs that inhibit both CYP3A4 •Patients with both renal and hepatic impairment ADVERSE REACTIONS: The most commonly reported adverse reactions with colchicine are gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS: Monitor for toxicity and, if present, consider lowering the dose, temporary interruption or discontinuation of colchicine

Answer 21

Bactericidial agents - target the organism - blood cutures are essential before using an empirical treatment

Answer 22

``` INDICATIONS: For adult and pediatric patients (neonates and older) for the treatment of : • Septicemia • Infective Endocarditis • Skin and Skin Structure Infections • Bone Infections • Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ``` CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to vancomycin

Answer 23

The common adverse reactions are anaphylaxis, “red man syndrome”, acute kidney Injury, hearing loss, neutropenia ``` Warnings & Precautions: •Infusion Reactions •Nephrotoxicity •Ototoxicity •C. Difficile associated diarrhea •Neutropenia •Phlebitis •Development of drug-resistant bacteria ``` Drug interactions: • Anesthetic Agents: Concomitant administration of vancomycin and anesthetic agents has been associated with erythema and histamine-like flushing.

Treatment of Myocarditis, Endocarditis, and Pericarditis Flashcards

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