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High School Psychology 2012-2013 > TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS > Flashcards

TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Withdrawal symptoms

A

Symptoms such as sweating, nausea, or shakiness that occurs when drug usage ceases.

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2
Q

Vulnerability-stress model

A

The idea that individuals who have a biological vulnerability to a particular disorder will have the disorder only if certain environmental stressors are present.

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3
Q

Unconscious

A

The part of the mind that contains thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories of which people have no awareness but that can influence people’s behavior.

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4
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

A therapist quality that is considered crucial in client-centered therapy. It involves nonjudgmental acceptance of the client.

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5
Q

Transference

A

The process by which clients relate to their psychoanalyst or therapist as they would to important figures in their past.

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6
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

A noninvasive procedure for treating severe depression that involves stimulation of the brain by means of a magnetic coil.

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7
Q

Tolerance

A

The need over time for more and more of a drug to get the same effect.

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8
Q

Therapeutic window

A

The amount of a drug that is required for an effect without toxicity.

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9
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

A serious side effect of antipsychotic drugs. It is usually a permanent condition, characterized by involuntary movements.

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10
Q

Systematic densensitization

A

A behavioral treatment that uses counterconditioning to decrease anxiety.

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11
Q

Superego

A

The moral component of the personality.

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12
Q

Stressors

A

Circumstances or events that are psychologically or physically demanding.

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13
Q

Stress

A

The experience of being threatened by taxing circumstances. It also sometimes refers to circumstances that threaten well-being, to the response people have to threatening circumstances, or to the process of evaluating and coping with threatening circumstances.

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14
Q

States

A

Temporary behaviors or feelings.

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15
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

In classical conditioning, the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response.

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16
Q

Social norms

A

Societal rules about appropriate behavior.

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17
Q

Shaping

A

In operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response.

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18
Q

Self-help groups

A

Groups that are similar to therapy groups except that they do not have a therapist.

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19
Q

Self-concept

A

According to Rogers, the most important feature of personality. The self-concept includes all the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs people have about themselves.

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20
Q

Sedatives

A

Drugs that slow down the nervous system.

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21
Q

Resistance

A

A client’s usually unconscious efforts to block the progress of treatment.

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22
Q

Rational-emotive therapy

A

A type of cognitive-behavioral therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that aims to identify catastrophic thinking and to change the irrational assumptions that underlie it.

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23
Q

Psychotherapy

A

The treatment of psychological problems through confidential verbal communications with a mental health professional.

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24
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Addiction based on cravings for a drug.

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25
Psychodynamic model
The idea that psychological disorders result from maladaptive defenses against unconscious conflicts.
26
Psychodynamic theories
Theories based on the work of Sigmund Freud. These theories emphasize unconscious motives and desires and the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.
27
Psychoanalysis
A technique developed by Sigmund Freud to treat mental disorders. It is also a theory of personality developed by Freud that focuses on unconscious forces, the importance of childhood experiences, and division of the psyche into the id, ego, and superego.
28
Psychoactive drugs
Drugs that have effects on sensory experience, perception, mood, thinking, and behavior.
29
Prognosis
A prediction about the probable course and outcome of a disorder.
30
Posthypnotic amnesia
The phenomenon that occurs when a person who has been hypnotized and instructed to forget what happened during hypnosis accordingly claims not to remember what happened.
31
Physical dependence
Addiction based on a need to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
32
Person-centered theory
A theory, proposed by Carl Rogers, stating that the self-concept is the most important feature of personality.
33
Mental hospitals
Medical institutions that specialize in providing treatment for psychological disorders.
34
Medical model
way of describing and explaining psychological disorders as if they are diseases.
35
Managed care
An arrangement for health care in which an organization, such as a health maintenance organization, acts as an intermediary between a person seeking care and a treatment provider.
36
Lithium
A drug prescribed for treating bipolar disorders.
37
Learning model of addiction
The idea that addiction is a way of coping with stress.
38
Learning model
The idea that psychological disorders result from the reinforcement of abnormal behavior.
39
Integrative approach
Therapy approaches that combine the ideas and techniques of several different schools of psychology.
40
Insight therapies
Treatments involving complex conversations between therapists and clients. The treatments aim to help clients understand the nature of their problems and the meaning of their behavior, thoughts, and feelings.
41
Insanity
A legal term that refers to the mental inability to take responsibility for one’s actions.
42
Incongruence
According to Carl Rogers and other humanistic therapists, a disparity between the self-concept and reality.
43
Humanistic therapies
Therapies aimed at helping people accept themselves and free themselves from unnecessary limitations.
44
Health psychology
A branch of psychology that focuses on the relationship between psychosocial factors and the emergence, progression, and treatment of illness.
45
Free association
A psychoanalytic technique that involves having the client verbalize all thoughts that come to mind.
46
Flooding
A type of exposure therapy in which the client is exposed to a feared stimulus suddenly rather than gradually.
47
Existential therapies
Therapies aimed at helping clients find meaning in their lives.
48
Etiology
The cause or origin of a disorder.
49
Empirically validated treatments
Treatments that are shown by research to be more effective for a particular problem than a placebo or no treatment.
50
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A biomedical treatment that uses electrical shocks to treat severe depression.
51
Drug therapy
Treatment that involves the use of medications. It is also called pharmacotherapy.
52
Disease model of addiction
The idea that addiction is a disease that has to be medically treated.
53
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
A reference book used by psychologists and psychiatrists to diagnose psychological disorders.
54
Diagnosis
The process of distinguishing among disorders.
55
Deinstitutionalization
The trend toward providing treatment through community-based outpatient clinics rather than inpatient hospitals.
56
Couples therapy
A type of therapy in which a therapist helps couples identify and resolve conflicts.
57
Congruence
According to Carl Rogers, the accurate match between self-concept and reality.
58
Community mental health movement
A movement that advocates treating people with psychological problems in their own communities, providing outpatient treatment, and preventing psychological disorders.
59
Cognitive therapies
Therapies aimed at identifying and changing maladaptive thinking patterns that can result in negative emotions and dysfunctional behavior.
60
Client-centered therapy
A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, that aims to help clients increase self-acceptance and personal growth by providing a supportive emotional environment.
61
Cingulotomy
A surgical procedure that involves destruction of part of the frontal lobes. It is sometimes done to treat severe disorders that do not respond to other treatments.
62
Biopsychosocial model of illness
The idea that physical illness is the result of a complicated interaction among biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
63
Biomedical therapies
Treatments that involve efforts to directly alter biological functioning through medication, electric shocks, or surgery.
64
Benzodiazepines
A class of antianxiety drugs. They are also called tranquilizers.
65
Behavior therapies
Treatments involving complex conversations between therapists and clients that are aimed at directly influencing maladaptive behaviors through the use of learning principles.
66
Aversion therapy
A therapy in which a stimulus that evokes an unpleasant response is paired with a stimulus that evokes a maladaptive behavior.
67
Atypical antipsychotic drugs
A new class of antipsychotic drugs that are effective for treating negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. They target the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine.
68
Active listening
A feature of client-centered th erapy that involves empathetic listening, by which the therapist echoes, restates, and clarifies what the client says.
69
Exposure therapies
Therapies that aim to eliminate anxiety responses by having clients face real or imagined versions of feared stimuli.
70
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
A type of exposure therapy in which clients move their eyes back and forth while recalling memories that are to be desensitized.
71
Incongruence
According to Carl Rogers and other humanistic therapists, a disparity between the self-concept and reality.
72
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
A class of antidepressant drugs that increase the level of norepinephrine and serotonin.
73
Social skills training
A behavioral therapy that aims to enhance a client’s relationships with other people.
74
Systematic desensitization
Systematic desensitization - A behavioral treatment that uses counterconditioning to decrease anxiety.

High School Psychology 2012-2013 (20 decks)

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