TREATMENTS

Question 1

Staphylococcus aureus treatment for furuncle/carbuncles

Answer 1

Antisepsis and Drainage

Question 2

Staphylococcus aureus treatment for Bacteremia and Dissemination

Answer 2

• IV β-lactamase-resistant (antistaphylococcal) penicillins
  : give β-lactamase resistant penicillins
  (e.g. nafcillin, methicillin, oxacillin)
• MRSA: vancomycin
• VRSA: linezolid, streptogramins

Question 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae treatment

Answer 3

parenteral β-lactams
- Ampicillin
- Cefotaxime
- Ceftriaxone
- Cefuroxime

Question 4

Streptococcus pneumoniae prevention

Answer 4

• Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine containing 23 types (PPSV23)
• Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine containing 13 types (PCV13)

Question 5

Streptococcus pyogenes treatment

Answer 5

Penicillin G

Question 6

Streptococcus agalactiae treatment

Answer 6

IV ampicillin

Question 7

Streptococcus agalactiae prevention

Answer 7

• screening pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of pregnancy (rectal and
  vaginal swabs)

Question 8

Enterococci treatment
1st line defense

Answer 8

ampicillin or vancomycin + aminoglycoside

Question 9

Enterococci treatment for VREF:

Answer 9

linezolid, quinupristin–dalfopristin, daptomycin

Question 10

Haemophilus influenzae Treatment

Answer 10

• 3rd-generation cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone, cefotaxime)
• Carbapenems

Question 11

Haemophilus influenzae Prevention

Answer 11

Hib conjugated vaccine to children

Question 12

Haemophilus ducreyi

Answer 12

1 g azithromycin PO

Question 13

Bordetella pertussis treatment for catarrhal stage

Answer 13

erythromycin

Question 14

Bordetella pertussis preventing anoxic damage

Answer 14

• O2 inhalation and sedation

Question 15

BRUCELLA SP. treatment

Answer 15

• Doxycycline + Streptomycin/Gentamicin
• Doxycycline + Rifampin

Question 16

Francisella tularensis treatment

Answer 16

Streptomycin
Gentamicin

Question 17

Pasteurella multocida treatment

Answer 17

• Penicillin G (DOC)
• Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones (alternative)

Question 18

Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment

Answer 18

• Ceftriaxone IM or Cefixime PO
• Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin

Question 19

Gonorrhea Ophthalmia Neonatorum treatment

Answer 19

0.5% erythromycin ointment, 1% tetracycline ointment, 1% AgNO3
Solution

Question 20

Neisseria meningitidis treatment

Answer 20

• PenicillinG (DOC)
• Empirical Therapy: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime (to cover the various
  other bacteria that may cause meningitis)
• Chloramphenicol

Question 21

Neisseria meningitidis prevention

Answer 21

• tetravalent polysaccharide vaccine
• tetravalent conjugate vaccine

Question 22

Chlamydia trachomatis treatment

Answer 22

*Doxycycline
* Azithromycin (if pregnant)

Question 23

Escherichia coli Treatment

Answer 23

Fluoroquinolones

Question 24

Klebsiella granulomatis treatment

Answer 24

Azithromycin

Question 25

Shigella Treatment

Answer 25

* self-limited * for severe infections: * Ceftriaxone (DOC) * Ciprofloxacin

Question 26

Salmonella treatment

Answer 26

* Azithromycin PO * Parenteral 3rd -generation Cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone) or Fluoroquinolone

Question 27

Yersinia pestis Treatment

Answer 27

* Streptomycin *Gentamicin *Doxycycline

Question 28

Vibrio cholerae treatment

Answer 28

Doxycycline Tetracycline

Question 29

Helicobacter pylori Treatment

Answer 29

* TripleTherapy * PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin * PPI + clarithromycin + metronidazole * Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) for 4-6 weeks * QuadrupleTherapy * PPI + bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline * PPI + clarithromycin + metronidazole + amoxicillin

Question 30

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Treatment

Answer 30

* Extended-Spectrum Penicillin (Piperacillin) + Aminoglycoside (Tobramycin)

Question 31

Bacillus anthrax treatment

Answer 31

* Ciprofloxacin (DOC)

Question 32

Bacillus anthrax inhalation anthrax treatment

Answer 32

Raxibacumab

Question 33

Clostridium botulinum treatment

Answer 33

- Mechanical ventilator - Antitoxin

Question 34

Clostridium tetani treatment

Answer 34

- Penicillin - Muscle relaxants - Sedation - Mechanical ventilator - Antitoxin

Question 35

Clostridium perfringens treatment

Answer 35

- Prompt and extensive surgical debridement - Excision of devitalized tissue - Penicillin - Hyperbaric oxygen - Antitoxin - Amputation

Question 36

Clostridioides difficile treatment

Answer 36

* Discontinue offending antibiotic * Vancomycin (DOC), Metronidazole * Fecal transplant

Question 37

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Treatment

Answer 37

Penicillin Macrolides Antitoxin

Question 38

Corynebacterium diphtheriae prevention

Answer 38

Diphtheria toxoid in DPT

Question 39

Nocardia treatment

Answer 39

Cotrimoxazole (DOC)

Question 40

Actinomycetoma treatment

Answer 40

Treatment: - combinations of streptomycin, trimethoprim– sulfamethoxazole, and dapsone - amputation

Question 41

Treponema pallidum Treatment

Answer 41

* Penicillin G

Question 42

response to lipoproteins released by dying T. pallidum organisms

Answer 42

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

Question 43

What drugs was synthesized by Paul Ehrlich for syphilis?

Answer 43

arsphenamine brand name: salvarsan

Question 44

Leptospira interrogans Treatment

Answer 44

* Doxycycline * Ampicillin * Amoxicillin

Question 45

Mycobacterium leprae Treatment

Answer 45

Dapsone (DOC)

Question 46

Mycobacterium leprae Treatment Lepromatous

Answer 46

Dapsone + Rifampin + Clofazimine

Question 47

Mycobacterium leprae Treatment Tuberculoid

Answer 47

Dapsone + Rifampin

Question 48

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Prevention

Answer 48

BCG vaccine

Question 49

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Treatment

Answer 49

DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course)

Question 50

1st line agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 50

Isoniazid Rifampicin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Question 51

ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS TREATMENT

Answer 51

Surgical drainage + Antimicrobial therapy