Treatments - Muscles Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
Posterior Suboccipitals
A
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Obliquus Capitis Superior
O-occipital Ridge
I-C1 & C2
A-Extension & Rotation to same side
2
Q
Headache Types
A
Tension -Stress/Trigger Points
Migrain - Chemical
Sinus - Allergies
Nutritional - Food/Water (dehydration, Caffeine, Hunger)
3
Q
Tension Headaches
A
Too much/little blood to brain
How you deal with stress
4
Q
Muscles associated with Headaches
A
Trapezius (Up/low) Splenius Capitur/Cervicis Scalenes Posterior Cervical Muscles Levator Scapula Suboccipitals SCM
5
Q
Referral pain and muscles associated with Headaches
A
Above the eye - SCM
Temples - Upper Trapezius, Suboccipitals, SCM
Entire side of head - Suboccipitals
Base of the Skull - Upper/Lower Trapezius, Levator Scapula, Suboccipitals
6
Q
Shoulder Pain (between scapula and spine) - Possible Causes
A
Primary Causes of shoulder pain (upper back)
Protraction
Elevation
Medial Rotation
7
Q
Shoulder Pain (between scapula and spine) - Shortened/Tight Muscles
A
Serratus Anterior Petoralis Minor Petoralis Major Upper Trapezius Levator Scapula Subscapularis
Protraction can lead to medial rotation
Medial Rotation can lead to Protraction
8
Q
Shoulder Pain (between scapula and spine) - Overstretched/Weak Muscles
A
Rhomboids Middle Trapezius Lower Trapezius Infraspinatus Teres Minor
9
Q
Shoulder Pain (between scapula and spine) - Trigger Points
A
All refer pain in and around the medial border of the scapula Levator Scapula Lower Trapezius Rhomboids (down the arm too) Infraspinatus Scalenes
10
Q
Shoulder Pain (between scapula and spine) - Stretches
A
Pectoralis Major/Minor Serattus Anterior Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres Minor
11
Q
Scalenes
A
O - C2 - C7
I - 1st 2 Ribs
A - BiLateral - Flexion of the neck
raises 1st 2 ribs during forced inspiration
Unilateral - Lateral Flexion of the cervical spine
12
Q
Supraspinatus
A
O- supraspinous fossa on the scapula
I- greater tubercle of the humerus
A- abduction of the first 5°
13
Q
Rhomboids
A
O - C7 - T5 I - Medial/Vertebral border of the Scapula A - Retraction Downward rotation Slight elevation
14
Q
Erector Spinae or Paraspinals or Erectors
A
Superior attachment - Occiput
inferior attachment - sacrum /ThoracoLumbar Aponeurosis
A - bilaterally - extension of the spine
unilaterally - lateral flexion
15
Q
Pectoralis major
A
O - sternum and clavicle I - lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus A - adduction Horizontal adduction Medial rotation of the humerus Extension of the flexed shoulder Flexion of the extended shoulder
16
Q
Splenuis Capitus
A
O - about C3-T3
I - Mastoid Process
A - bilaterally - extension of the neck
Unilaterally - rotate the head to the same side
lateral flexion of the cervical spine
Thin bandage like muscle covering the neck muscles except the trapezius
17
Q
Pectoralis Minor
A
Superior Attachment - Coracoid Process (Part of Scapula) Inferior Attachment - Ribs 3-5 A - Protraction Depression Elevate the ribs during breathing
18
Q
Teres Minor
A
O - Lateral Border of the Scapula
I - Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
A - Lateral rotation & Extension
19
Q
Serratus Anterior
A
O - First 8 ribs posterior lateral side
I - Medial border of the scapula (anterior side)
A - Protraction of the scapula(Strongest protracting muscle)
20
Q
Upper Trapezius
A
O - Occiput - C7
I - Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle
Acromium
A - Elevation & Upward Rotation
21
Q
Teres Major
A
O - Lateral Border of the Scapula I - Medial Lip of the Bicepital groove of the Humerus A - Adduction Extension of the shoulder Medial rotation of the humerus
22
Q
Latissimus Dorsi
A
O - ThoracoLumbar Aponeurosis via the Sacrum
I - Medial Lip of the Bicepital groove of the Humerus
A - Adduction
Extension of the shoulder
Medial rotation of the humerus
23
Q
Levator Scapula
A
O - C1 - C4 Traverse Processes
I - superior angle of the scapula
A - Elevation & Downward Rotation
24
Q
Infraspinatus
A
O - Infraspinous Fossa
I - Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
A - Lateral Rotation & Extension
25
Subscapularis
O - Subscapular fossa
I - Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus
A - Medial Rotation
26
SternoCleidoMastiod (SCM)
O - Sternum & Clavicle
I - Mastoid Process (bump behind the ear)
A - Bilaterally - Flexion of the neck (tilt head fwd)
Unilaterally - Rotate head to opposite side
Lateral flexion of the cervical spine
27
SITS Muscles
```
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularus
A - Stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa(Rotator cuff muscles)
```
28
Platysma
O - Subcutaneous tissue surrounding clavicle
I -Base of mandible, skin of cheeks, orbicularis oris m.
A - Frowning and depression of mandible
Top most layer
29
Tensor Facis Latae (TFL)
O - Iliac Crest just posterior to the anterior superior Iliac Spine
I - Tibia condyle via the iliotibial band
A - abduction
stabilizes the knee
flexion of hip
medial rotation of the femur
30
Middle Trapezius
O - T1 - T5
I - Spine of the Scapula
A - Retraction
31
Gluteus Maximus
```
O - Lateral Sacrum & Iliac Crest
I - Iliotibial Band & Gluteal Tuberosity
A - Forceful Extension of the hip
Lateral Rotation of the femur
(Strongest muscle of the body/top layer)
```
32
Gluteus Medius & Minimus
```
O - Posterior Ilium
I - Greater Trochanter
A - Abduction of the femur
Extension of the HipMedial
Rotation of the hip
(2nd layer deep)
```
33
Piriformis
O - Anterior Sacrum
I - Greater Trochanter
A - Lateral Rotation of the femur
Largest and strongest deep lateral rotators of the femur
34
6 deep lateral rotators of the hip
```
Superior to Inferior
Piriformis
Gemellus Superior
Obturator Internus
Gemellus Inferior
Obturator Externus
Quadratus Femoris
```
35
Psoas
O - L1 - L5
I - Lessor Trochanter of Femor (back of femur)
A - Flexion of the hip (strongest/initiates walking)
Lateral Rotation
One being tight, that leg will appear longer
Both Tight cause pelvis to tilt forward (anterior pelvic tilt)
36
Iliacus
O - Iliac Fossa - Anterior
I - Lessor Trochanter
A - Flexion of the Hip (2nd Strongest)
Lateral rotation
37
Quadratus Lumborum
```
Superior Attachment - 12th Rib
Inferior Attachment - Iliac Crest
A - Elevation of the hip (hip hiker)
Lateral flexion of the Lumbar spine
Deepest low back muscle
Tight will make that leg shorter
```
38
Low Back Pain - Anterior Pelvic Tilt - Possible Causes
Tight muscles - Psoas, Illiacus, Rectus Femoris, TFL, Satorius
Weak muscles - Gluteus Muscles, Hamstrings
Seated posture has the most to do with anterior pelvic tilt
39
Low Back Pain - Lateral rotation into the hip - Possible Causes
Lateral rotators pulling on the sacrum/hip can cause low back discomfort
40
Low Back Pain - Leg Length - Possible Causes
Longer leg -Tight:Psoas, Illiacus, Rectus Femoris, TFL, Satorius
Shorter leg: Tight QL, Erectors
41
Low Back Pain - Trigger Points
Psoas & Illiacus - refer pain to the low back (both sides)
Erectors - refer into the low back and hips area
Gluteus Medius - refers to low back
42
Low Back Pain - Stretches
```
Psoas
Illiacus
Erectors
QL
Gluteals
Deep Lateral Rotators
Rectoris Femoris
```
43
Whiplash - typical involved muscles
```
SCM
Scalenes
Erectors
Upper/Lower Trap
Levator
Splenius Capitus
Multifidus/Rotatores
Subscapularis
Seraturs Anterior
QL
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Pectoralis Major/Minor
*Any muscle can be involved in cases of whiplash
```
44
Multifidus/Rotatores
Short muscles of the spine
Unilaterally -Turn the spine to the opposite side
Bilaterally - Extend the spine
O- transverse processes of lumbar spine thru cervical vertebrae
I - Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae thru second cervical vertebra
Multifidi span 2 or 4 vertabrae
Rotatores span 1 or 2 vertebrae
45
Hip Pain - Causes
```
Tight lateral rotators of the femur
Piriformis
Obturator Internus/Externus
Gemellus Superior/Inferior
Quadratus Femoris
Gluteus Maximus
Psoas
Illiacus
Sartorius
```
Overstretched Medial rotators of the femur
Gluteus Med/Min
TFL
46
Hip Pain - Trigger Points
Quadratus Lumborum - Refers into hip
Gluteus Med/Min - refers into the hip and down leg
Piriformis - refers into hip and down leg
Middle Erectors - refers into low back and hip
47
Hip Pain - Massage techniques
Compression in gluteal region
Myfacial massage (gliding and friction)
Stretching - medial/lateral rotators and abductors
Pin and stretching
48
Tennis elbow - muscles
```
Extensor carpi radicalism brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Supinator
Attaches to lateral epicondial of the humerus
```
49
Golfer elbow muscles
```
Flexor carpi radicalism brevis
Flexor digitorum
Flexor digiti minimi
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronator Teres
Attaches to medial epicondial of the humerus
```
50
Lateral Ankle Sprain/Strain affected tissue
Anterior Talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Peroneal muscles (Longus,Brevis, tertius)
51
Medial Ankle Sprain/Strain affected tissue
Deltoid ligament
Tibalis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
52
Tibialis Anterior
```
O - Lateral Shaft of the Tibia
I - Base of 1st Metatarsal
A - Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Antagonist to Peronis Longus
```
53
Peroneus Longus
O - Head of Fibula (smaller leg bone)
Lateral shaft of fibula
I - Base of the first metatarsal
A - Eversion of the foot & Plantarflexion
54
Fibromyalgia - Definition
Widespread Pain lasting at least 3 months with at least 11 tender points throughout the body
```
May include
Non-restorative sleep
Morning stiffness
Sensitivity to light/sound
cold intolerant
joint swelling (mainly hands)
Numbness/tingling in extremities
Irritable Bowel
Dry mouth/eyes
bloating
Lack of energy
Depression
Migraines
```
55
Fibromyalgia - Accompanying conditions
```
Chronic Headaches
Myofacial Pain
Raynauds Disease
TMJ Dysfunction
Carpal tunnel
Thoracic outlet
Sciatica
```
56
Fibromyalgia - Massage treatment
Any to stimulate circulation
Myofacial Massage
Stretching
-Always keep client warm.
57
Sciatica - Definition
pain, numbness, tingling along the course of the sciatic nerve
58
Sciatica Cause
Disc problem - bulging, herniated, ruptured
Myofacial restriction - muscular tension
Arthritic conditions
59
Sciatica - affected muscles
Piriformis - postural-shortening, trigger points
other lateral/external rotators of the hip
Gluteus Medius/Minimus - postural - overstretching trigger points
Quadratus Lumborum - postural, trigger points
Psoas - postural, trigger points
Hamstrings -Tight, overstretched
60
Sciatica Treatment
Medications
Injections
Physical therapy
Surgery
61
Sciatica Assessment
Pain/numbness down both legs or goes down front of leg - possible disc problem
Pain/numbness down one side or pain on posterior thigh - possible muscle restriction
Pain only - probably muscular
Pain should be reduced in 2 - 3 sessions
62
Peronis Muscles
Peronis Longus - Eversion/Plantar Flexion
Peronis Brevis - Eversion/Plantar Flexion
Peronis Terius (3rd) - Eversion/DorsiFlexion
(been renamed to the fibularis muscles)
63
Middle Trapezius
O - T1 - T5
I - Spine of the Scapula
A - Retraction
64
Biceps Femoris
```
O - Long Head - Ishial Tuberosity (sits bone)
Short Head - Linea Aspera
I - Fibula (smaller leg bone)
A - Flexion of the knee
extension of the hip
lateral rotation of the femur
```
65
Forearm Extensors
O - Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus
I - Hand & Fingers on the back of the hand
A - Extension of the wrist and fingers
66
Forearm Flexors
O - Medial Epicondyle of the humerus
I - Hand & Fingers on the palm of the hand
A - Flexion of the wrist and fingers
67
Sartorius
O - Anterior Superios Illiac Spine (ASIS)
I - Tibia (Pes Anserinus)
A - Flexion of the Hip
Flexion of the knee
Lateral Rotation of the Femur
-Longest muscle in the body
-Tailor's Muscle - Actions to go into cross-leg position
68
Tibialis Muscles
Tibialis Anterior - Inversion/Dorsiflexion
| Tibialis Posterior - Inversion/Plantarflexion
69
Deltoid ligament
around the medial malleolus
70
Carpal Tunnel - description
Compression or irritation of the nerves at a tunnel formed by the carpals and the flexor retinaculum.
Median nerve impingement - numbness/tingling in thumb - middle finger.
Ulna nerve Impinged - Ring and pinky finger numbness/tingling
71
Thoracic Outlet - description
Compression of the veins/arteries/nerves into the neck and shoulder (subclavian vein/artery or thoracic nerve
72
Carpal Tunnel - Muscles
Forearm Flexors
pronator quadrates
pronator teres
73
Thoracic Outlet - Muscles
```
Scalenes
Infraspinatus
Latisimus Dorsi
Pec Minor
Serratus Anterior
Supraspinatus
Anterior Deltoid
Forearm Flexors
```
74
Plantar Fasciitis - description
a tear along the plantar fascia at the bottom of the foot, usually close to the calcaneous but occassionally near the distal end of the metatarsals and sometimes in the belly of the tissue.
75
Plantar fasciitis - symptoms
Pain in the bottom of the foot
mostly when the person gets out of bed/after long period of rest.
Pain is described like a hot poker or knife pain
76
Plantar fasciitis - possible causes
Breakdown into the longitudinal arch of the foot.
Lack of support into the arch - poor arch in the shoes
Rapid extension of the foot - running/jumping
Tight plantar flexors - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, peroneus longus, peroneus brevius
77
Founder of CranioSacral Therapy
John E Upledger
78
CranioSacral therapy definition
Gentle hands on manipulation of the physiological body system called the Cranio-sacral system
79
6 basic nutrients
```
Water
Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
```
80
Building blocks of life - amino acids
11 amino acids the body makes
| 9 amino acids are obtained from our diet
81
Type of carbohydrates
Main source of energy
Simple - limit in the diet
Complex - great benefit to the body
Diet should have carbs in the mid to low range of the glycemic index
82
Types of fat
Saturated - solid at room temp - lard
| Unsaturated - liquid at room temp - oils
83
Types of vitamins
Water soluble - expelled through urine if excess
| Fat soluble - stored in body fat if excessive. Vitamins A, D, E, K
84
Types of minerals that women are concerned with
Iron and Calcium
| calcium citrate is the easiest to absorb
