treaty of versailles ༊*·˚

Question 1

what year was t.o.v signed?

Answer 1

june 28th of 1919

Question 2

what political parties gained popularity in germany partly as a result of the t.o.v?

Answer 2

the national socialist german workers’ Party -> nazi party and kpd -> communists ( extremists )

Question 3

fill in the blank: the t.o.v was seen as a __________ by many germans.

Answer 3

diktat -> forcefully imposed upon a vulnerable and weak germany

Question 4

what was the reaction of the u.s. to the t.o.v?

Answer 4

the u.s. senate refused to ratify it.

Question 5

what was the intended purpose of the l.o.n established by the t.o.v?

Answer 5

to promote peace and prevent future conflicts.

Question 6

what was one of the key criticisms of the t.o.v by historians and contemporaries in britain?

Answer 6

it was too harsh and punitive towards germany.

Question 7

fill in the blank: the t.o.v is often cited as a factor leading to __________.

Answer 7

ww2 ( always write as WWII or World War II )

Question 8

military terms of the t.o.v were…?

Answer 8

• 6 battleships
• no airforce, submarines, tanks, heavy military artillery, warfare etc.
• 100,000 soldiers in the german army only
• no conscription
• 1,500 officers
• navy of 15,000 personnel/ men

Question 9

reparations + consequences…?

Answer 9

• a sum of £6.6 billion set in 1921 -> estimated it would take up until 1988 to pay back
• crippled germany significantly after only the first payment and let to hyperinflation in 1923, where a singular egg cost c.320 billion german marks and a singular loaf of bread cost c.201 billion german marks

Question 10

how do reparations and military terms link?

Answer 10

without a stable economy, germany became even more vulnerable to invasion. military terms links to reparations, as germany was unwillingly forced to pay a great deal of money in the form reparations to compensate for the damage that took place on belgian and french soil, destroying airfields, infrastructure and housing, so when france and belgium invaded germany had virtually no real protection or defence.

Question 11

territorial terms of the t.o.v..?

Answer 11

• germany was split in 2 by the polish corridor, a strip of land that was given to poland to allow them to have access to the sea
• danzig was taken from germany and made a free city under the control of the league of nations
• the saar was a industrial region in germany that had many natural resources such as coal -> it was put under the control of the l.o.n for 15 years -> voted to rejoin germany after the 15 years
• germany’s colonies in africa were given as mandates to the l.o.n -> britain and france could control them
• germany lost 10% of its land, including alsace-lorraine, which was returned to france; eupen and malmedy were given to belgium; north schleswig were given to denmark

Question 12

what was the war guilt clause or article 231 and how does it link to other terms in the t.o.v…?

Answer 12

• the war guilt clause was a clause included in the t.o.v that justified all other terms in the t.o.v , as germany had to take full responsibility for the war in itself and all damage and death ensued -> hated most by germans because they did not start ww1 and it provided moral justification for all other terms

Question 13

what were some other terms in the t.o.v…?

Answer 13

• the l.o.n was created but germany could not join ( joined in 1926 during golden era )
• anschluss, the political union of austria and germany was banned

Question 14

what were germans reactions to the t.o.v ?

Answer 14

• germans had no idea they had lost the war because of censorship -> found out and labelled the government , “the november criminals” and that they had “stabbed germany in the back”
• the kaiser wilhelm II had to abdicate