Treaty of Versailles Flashcards
Who were the ‘Big Three’?
Georges Clemenceau - President of France
Woodrow Wilson - President of America
David Lloyd George - PM of Britain
What did Clemenceau want to achieve out of the T.O.V?
Wanted revenge from WW1, not only WW1 but also for the humiliation of 1871 (losing Alsace-Lorraine).
Wanted Germany to be broken up into states.
High reparations (£6.6 billion).
German land was given to other countries (colonies).
No army, 100 men, no navy/air force, Rhineland demilitarized.
MAINLY REVENGE.
What did Woodrow Wilson want to achieve out of the T.O.V?
Wanted fair treaty for every country.
Essentially peace.
Wanted to implement 14 point plan (also L.O.N BUT later on).
Ideologist.
What did Lloyd-George want to achieve out of the T.O.V?
Compromise punished.
Didn’t want to cripple Germany so trading can continue.
Couldn’t be leinient as British public wanted Germany punished.
Realist
What were the terms that came out of the T.O.V?
G - Guilt (full responsibility for war)
A - Army (100,000 men, no airforce/navy, no conscription.
R - Reparations (£6.6 billion)
G - Germany lost land (Alsace-Lorraine, Saar)
L - Leauge of Nations (No USA, Germany, Russia).
E - Extra points (No Anschluss)/
Did Clemenceau like or dislike the terms that came out of the T.O.V?
BOTH.
LIKED - guilt, disarmament, reparations, getting Alsace-Lorraine back.
DISLIKED - wanted an independent Rhineland NOT just demilitarized, wanted Germany split into states.
Did Wilson like or dislike the terms that came out of the T.O.V?
BOTH.
LIKED AND GOT - League of Nations, independence for Poland + Czechoslovakia etc.
DISLIKED - 14 points were ignored
Did Lloyd-George like or dislike the terms that came out of the T.O.V?
BOTH.
LIKED - reducing German navy, Germany getting colonies.
DISLIKED - Clemenceau’s harshness
Why was the Treaty a failure?
Germany hated the guilt clause.
Germany not invited to negotiate.
Treaty not harsh enough to crush Germany.
Treaty wasn’t lenient enough to not cause resentment+anger.
Reparations caused economic + social problems.
Reparations effectively caused the Wall Street Crash to be a worldwide depression.
Germans felt it was unfair to not be in the LON.
Some Germans were now living in other countries.
None of the ‘Big Three’ satisfied.
What were the other Treaties (SaiNTs).
Sai - Saint Germain treaty. (Austria, 1919)
N - Neuilly treaty. (Bulgaria, 1919)
T - Trianon treaty. (Hungary, 1920)
S - Sevres. (Turkey, 1920)
What was the Saint Germain treaty and it’s terms? (Sai)
(Austria, 1919). 30,000 men in the army, Austria went bankrupt before reparations could be set. End of Austro (Hungarian Empire).
What were the Neuilly treaty and its terms? (N)
(With Bulgaria, 1919). 20,000 men. Bulgaria paid their reparations.
What were the Trianon treaty and its terms? (T)
(With Hungary, 1920). 35,000 men. Hungary could not pay the reparations, so payments suspended.
What were the Sevres treaty and its terms? (s)
(With Turkey, 1920). Dismantled Turkish Empire. Turkey had to disarm and pay reparations.
