Trees & Forests: Part 1

Question 1

heartwood

Answer 1

non-living core of the tree trunk that gives the tree strength

Question 2

how do earthworms have an effect on trees?

Answer 2

by releasing organic matter, it enriches the soil

Question 3

tree crown

Answer 3

upper part of a tree made up of branches, twigs, leaves, needles, buds, and cones

Question 4

Inner Bark (Phloem)

Answer 4

transports sugars in the tree leaves down to the roots

Question 5

outer bark

Answer 5

made up of dead tissue and protects the living parts underneath

Question 6

coniferous

Answer 6

• bears cones
• shed leaves continuously
• needle shaped
• thin waxy coating all around leaf
• can withstand extreme temperatures

Question 7

Explain how a tree is different from a herbaceous plant.

Answer 7

• woody trunk
• perennial
• self-supporting trunk

Question 8

Cambium

Answer 8

it produces new xylem cells every year

Question 9

roots

Answer 9

anchor the tree to the ground and absorbs water and minerals from the soil

Question 10

how do squirrels have an effect on trees?

Answer 10

eats food from trees and droppings enriches the soil

Question 11

What are 10 ways that trees and forests are important?

Answer 11

1. produce oxygen
2. provide shelter
3. furniture making
4. making pulp and paper products
5. control soil erosion
6. enrich soil
7. provide the basic needs for wildlife
8. provide food
9. provide protection
10. add beauty and enjoyment

Question 12

4 decomposers you would find in a forest ecosystem

Answer 12

lichen, conks, mushrooms, mycorrhizal fungi

Question 13

Decidious

Answer 13

• shed leaves in fall
• broad leaves
• waxy on top, has large surface on bottom, causing moisture loss
• cannot withstand extreme temperatures
• bear flowers and seeds

Question 14

Define Forest

Answer 14

land that is covered with trees and shrubs growing thickly

Question 15

What is an abiotic factor? Give an example.

Answer 15

non-living things - soil, moisture, wind, and temperature

Question 16

Ecosystem

Answer 16

a community of biotic and abiotic organisms that interact with each other

Question 17

What is a biotic factor? Give an example.

Answer 17

Living things in an ecosystem - plants and animals

Question 18

What is the level of the forest that includes the ground cover and soil?

Answer 18

Forest floor

Question 19

explain the meaning of this food chain…

apple tree leaf —> tent caterpillar —> robin —-> falcon

Answer 19

The apple tree leaf is eaten by the tent caterpillar which is eaten by the robin which is eaten by the falcon.

Question 20

what is the level of the forest that is home to smaller trees and shrubs?

Answer 20

Understory

Question 21

What organisms live in the forest floor?

Answer 21

leaf litter, mushrooms, insects, toads, moss

Question 22

What are the 2 stages of the oxygen cycle?

Answer 22

1) green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen (photosynthesis)

2) animals take in the oxygen made by the plants and breathe out carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 23

What organisms live in the underbrush?

Answer 23

rabbits, deer, ferns, wildflowers

Question 24

How do woodpeckers have an effect on trees?

Answer 24

drills holes on trees to get sap, tree could die from loss of sap.

Question 25

What organisms live in the understory?

Answer 25

lichen, squirrels, and woodpeckers

Question 26

Sapwood/Xylem

Answer 26

Carries food, dissolved minerals and water upward to the rest of the tree

Question 27

What is the role of decomposers?

Answer 27

to break down organic matter from dead and decaying organisms to then put the nutrients back into the soil.

Question 28

What is the level of the forest that has the densest plant growth?

Answer 28

Underbrush

Question 29

What are the 3 types of lichen with their definitions?

Answer 29

crustose - crusty foliose - leaf-like fruticose - tree-like or shrubby

Question 30

What are the 4 stages of the nutrient cycle?

Answer 30

1) nutrients are dissolved into the soil which is then absorbed by plants 2) a primary (or first order) consumer eats produces to get its energy. A secondary consumer then eats the primary one to get its nutrients. 3) when plants and animals die, they will decay. The decomposers break down the matter 4) the nutrients are released into the soil by the decomposers. The nutrients are dissolved into the soil once again.

Question 31

What are 4 decomposers you would find in a forest ecosystem?

Answer 31

Conks, Lichen, Mushrooms, and Mycorrhizal Fungi

Question 32

How does a leaf miner have an effect on trees?

Answer 32

they tunnel the upper and lower parts of leaves to get their food, when defoliated it will die because it cannot make its food

Question 33

Parts of a tree from inner to outer:

Answer 33

heartwood, sapwood, cambium, inner wood, and outer wood

Question 34

What are the 6 stages of the water cycle?

Answer 34

1) water vapour enters the atmosphere from transpiration, a process where trees take in water through the roots and release it into the air through the stomata, the undersides of their leaves. The leaves release the water in the form of water vapour 2) evaporation is another way water enters the air. Evaporation it changes from a liquid to water vapour 3) the water vapour cools when it gets into the air and condenses, making clouds 4) when the clouds get heavy they fall from the sky in a form of precipitation (rain, hail, snow, sleet) 5) Much of the precipitation collects into streams, rivers, and lakes 6) much of the precipitation is absorbed by the soil where it is used by plants again.