TREMATODES Flashcards
(244 cards)
1
Q
TREMATODES IS ALSO KNOWN AS
A
FLUKES
2
Q
WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF TREMATODES?
A
LEAF-LIKE (ADULT)
3
Q
TREMATODES IS A _________ / __________, WHICH MEANS IT HAS A MALEA ND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
A
MONOECIOUS / HERMAPHRODITIC
4
Q
THE INFECTIVE STAGE OF TREMATODES
A
METACERCARIA
5
Q
THE LAST LARVAL STAGE OF TREMATODES
A
METACERCARIA
6
Q
ATTACH THEMSELVES TO THE HOST BY MEANS OF 2 SUCKERS
A
TREMATODES
7
Q
TREMATODES ATTACH THEMSELVES TO THE HOST BE MEANS OF _______
A
2 SUCKERS
8
Q
PARTS OF TREMATODE SUCKERS
A
- ORAL SUCKER
- VENTRAL SUCKER / ACETABULUM
9
Q
3RD SUCKER SEEN IN HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES
A
GENITAL SUCKER / GONOTYL
10
Q
THE 3RD SUCKER (GENITAL SUCKER / GONOTYL) IS SEEN IN
A
HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES
11
Q
TREMATODES:
1ST INTERMEDIATE HOST
A
SNAILS
12
Q
TREMATODES:
2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST
A
FISH, CRABS, VEGETATION, SNAIL
13
Q
TREMATODES:
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
A
INGESTION of 2nd intermediate host infected w/
metacercaria
14
Q
TREMATODES:
Has operculum, lid-like structure allowing the exit of
larva when they hatch
A
EGGS
15
Q
Eggs w/ operculum are called
A
OPERCULATED OVA
16
Q
TREMATODES:
LARVAL STAGES
A
- MIRACIDIUM
- SPOROCYST
- REDIA
- CERCARIA
- METACERCARIA
Tips (Mnemonic): My Sister Rent a Car for Me
17
Q
ADULT OVA
A
Oviparous or oviviparous
18
Q
Trematodes resides in multiple areas of the body:
A
Liver
Intestine
Pancreas
Lungs
19
Q
GIVE THE LIVER FLUKES
A
- FASCIOLA HEPATICA
- FASCIOLA GIGANTICA
- CLONORCHIS IMMITIS
- OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS
- DICROCOELIUM LANCEOLATA
20
Q
GIVE THE LIVER FASCIOLIDS
A
- FASCIOLA HEPATICA
- FISCIOLA GIGANTICA
21
Q
FASCIOLA HEPATICA IS ALSO KNOWN AS
A
SHEEP LIVER FLUKE
TEMPERATE LIVER FLUKE
22
Q
FASCIOLA GIGANTICA IS ALSO KNOWN AS
A
GIANT LVIER FLUKE
TROPICAL LIVER FLUKE
23
Q
THE LARGEST LIVER FLUKE
A
FASCIOLA GIGANTICA
24
Q
are termed to be Fasciolids
A
Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
25
NATURAL / FINAL HOST OF Fasciola hepatica
SHEEP
26
NATURAL / FINAL HOST OF FASCIOLA GIGANTICA
- LOCAL CATTLE
- HERBIVORES
27
serves as an accidental host for Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
man
(when man accidentally ingest a 2nd intermediate host infected with metacercaria of either F. hepatica or F. gigantica, they may acquire liver fluke)
28
1st Intermediate Host of Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
snail
- Lymnea philippinensis
- Lymnea auricularia rubiginosa
29
2nd Intermediate Host of Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
vegetations
- Ipomea obscura (kangkong)
- Nasturtium officinale (watercress)
30
habitat for Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
liver parenchyma and gallbladder
31
infective stage for Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
metacercaria
32
pathology for Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
- fascioliasis (sheep liver rot / liver rot)
- liver atrophy
- pharyngeal suffocation
33
it is the result of the temporary lodgement of the fluke in the pharynx. give the MOT.
pharyngeal suffocation
ingestion
34
give 2 terms of pharyngeal suffocation
halzoun and mararra
35
pharyngeal suffocation terms:
originated from Lebanon
halzoun
36
pharyngeal suffocation terms:
originated from Sudan
mararra
37
laboratory diagnosis for Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
stool exam
liver biopsy
PCR
38
drug of choice for Fasciola hepatica & Fasciola gigantica
Bithionol
Triclabendazole
39
LIVER FASCIOLIDS (MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT)
with cephalic cone which has well developed shoulder
Fasciola hepatica
40
LIVER FASCIOLIDS (MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT)
larger than F. hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
41
LIVER FASCIOLIDS (MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT)
less developed shoulder
Fasciola gigantica
42
LIVER FASCIOLIDS (MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT)
shorter cephalic cone
Fasciola gigantica
43
MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT (FASCIOLA HEPATICA)
with cephalic cone which has well developed shoulder
44
MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT (FASCIOLA HEPATICA)
- larger than F. hepatica
- less developed shoulder
- shorter cephalic cone
45
MORPHOLOGY OF LARVA (LIVER FASCIOLOIDS)
ALL STAGES ARE PRESENT
Miracidium
Sporocyst
Redia
Cercaria
Metacercaria
46
MORPHOLOGY OF EGG (LIVER FASCIOLOIDS)
large, operculated, unembryonated, yellowish-brown egg (Hen’s egg shape)
47
are termed to be Heterophyids
Clonorchis sinensis & Opisthorchis felineus
48
most important liver fluke of man
Clonorchis sinensis
49
a potential carcinogen and may cause liver dysfunction
Clonorchis sinensis
50
first described by McConnell
Opisthorchis felineus
51
other specie of opistorchis
Opistorchis viverrini
52
Opistorchis viverrini is also known as
Southeast Asian Liver Fluke
53
CLONORCHIS SINENSIS other names
Oriental Liver Fluke
Chinese Liver Fluke
54
OPISTORCHIS FELINEUS other names
Cat Liver Fluke
Siberia Liver Fluke
55
final host of clonorchis sinensis
man and other fish-eating vertebrae
56
final host of opisthorchis felineus
cats (cat liver fluke)
57
1st intermediate host of clonorchis sinensis
SNAIL
Family of the ff.:
Parafossarulus
Bulinus
Semisulcospira
Alocinma
Thiara
Melanoide
58
1st intermediate host of opisthorchis fenineus
SNAIL
Family Bithynia
59
2nd intermediate host of clonorchis sinensis
FISHES
Family Cyprinidae
60
2nd intermediate host of opisthorchis felineus
FISHES
Family of the ff.:
Cyprinidae
Cobitidae
61
HABITAT FOR BOTH CLINOCHIS SINENSIS AND OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS
- LIVER PARENCHYMA
- ALSO IN PANCREATIC DUCT AND GALLBLADDER
62
INFECTIVE STAGE FOR CLONORCHIS SINENSIS AND OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS
METACERCARIA
63
PATHOLOGY FOR CLONORCHIS SINENSIS AND OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS
- periductal fibrosis
- gallbladder and liver carcinoma causing:
~ hepatocellular carcinoma
~ cholangiocarcinoma
~ most likely caused by C. sinensis
- liver dysfunction
~ caused by C. sinensis
~ occurs on person severely infected over a long period of time
- bile duct obstruction
64
LABORTORY DIAGNOSIS FOR CLINORCHIS SINENSIS AND OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS
- stool exam
- serologic tests
- molecular tests
65
DRUG OF CHOICE FOR CLONORCHIS SINENSIS AND OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS
PRAZIQUANTEL AND ALBENDAZOLE
66
MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT (CLONORCHIS SINENSIS AND OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS)
- leaf-like with transparent tegument
- has vitellaria found in the middle third of the body
67
gravid uterus; uterus filled with ova
vitellaria
68
two large, highly branched testes arranged in tandem
Clonorchis sinensis (ADULT MORPHOLOGY)
69
lobate testes arranged obliquely
Opisthorchis felineus (ADULT MORPHOLOGY)
70
Opisthorchis felineus (SPECIFIC ADULT MORPHOLOGY)
lobate testes arranged obliquely
71
Clonorchis sinensis (SPECIFIC ADULT MORPHOLOGY)
two large, highly branched testes arranged in tandem
72
Morphology of Adult
for both:
- _________ with transparent tegument
- has _________ found in the middle third of the body
~ __________ - gravid uterus; uterus filled with ____
Clonorchis sinensis (SPECIFIC)
- two large, highly branched testes arranged in _________
Opisthorchis felineus (SPECIFIC)
- _________________ arranged obliquely
Morphology of Adult
for both:
- leaf-like with transparent tegument
- has vitellaria found in the middle third of the body
~ vitellaria - gravid uterus; uterus filled with ova
Clonorchis sinensis (SPECIFIC)
- two large, highly branched testes arranged in tandem
Opisthorchis felineus (SPECIFIC)
- lobate testes arranged obliquely
73
Morphology of Egg/Ova (for C. SINESIS AND O. FELINEUS):
- ________________, ovoid (pitcher-shaped / old-fashioned electric light bulb-shaped)
- distinct ___________________ that fits to the thickened rim of the eggshell
- thick rim located around the operculum (shoulders)
- small protuberance at the ____________________
~ in the opposite pole of the operculum
~ usually a ________-shaped
Morphology of Egg/Ova (for C. SINESIS AND O. FELINEUS):
- yellowish-brown, ovoid (pitcher-shaped / old-fashioned electric light bulb-shaped)
- distinct convex operculum that fits to the thickened rim of the eggshell
- thick rim located around the operculum (shoulders)
- small protuberance at the abopercular end
~ in the opposite pole of the operculum
~ usually a comma-shaped
74
SHAPE OF THE EGG/OVA OF C. SINENSIS AND O. FELINEUS
pitcher-shaped / old-fashioned electric light bulb-shaped
75
TRUE OR FALSE:
The egg/ova of fasciolids and heterophyids are distinguishable
FALSE
76
The egg/ova of fasciolids and heterophyids are reported as
fasciolid ova or heterophyid ova
77
responsible for human infection in West Africa
Dicrocoelium hospes
78
Dicrocoelium dendriticum AKA
Lanceolate / Lancet Fluke
79
final host of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
cattle / sheep
**also man serves as a final host
80
intermediate host of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
SNAIL
- Cochlicopa
- Helix
- Xerolenta
- Zebrina
81
2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST OF Dicrocoelium dendriticum
ants (Formica fusca)
- black ants
82
HABITAT OF Dicrocoelium dendriticum
biliary passage of the liver
83
infective stage of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
metacercaria
84
MOT of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
ingestion of 2nd intermediate host with metacercaria
85
pathology of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
cirrhosis / fibrosis of the liver
86
laboratory diagnosis of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
liver biopsy and PCR
87
morphology of adult Dicrocoelium dendriticum
- _______ and ________ at both sides
- _______-shaped
- flattened and tapered at both sides
- lancet-shaped
88
morphology of egg/ova Dicrocoelium dendriticum
- thick-shelled, operculated, and _________________
thick-shelled, operculated, and deep golden brown
89
INTESTINAL FLUKES
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai
90
3rd specie under the fasciolids
Fasciolopsis buski
91
largest fluke parasitizing man
Fasciolopsis buski
92
larger than F. gigantica
Fasciolopsis buski
93
Fasciolopsis buski aka
Giant Intestinal Fluke
94
final host of Fasciolopsis buski
man
95
1st intermediate host of Fasciolopsis buski
SNAIL
- segmentina
- hippeutis
96
2nd intermediate host of Fasciolopsis buski
VEGETATION
- Water caltrop (Trapa bicornis)
- Water chestnut (Eliocharis tuberosa)
- Kangkong / Morning Glory (Ipomea obscura)
- Lotus (Nymphoea lotus)
- Bamboo shoots (Zizania latifolia)
97
HABITAT of Fasciolopsis buski
small intestine
98
infective stage of Fasciolopsis buski
metacercaria
99
pathology of Fasciolopsis buski
- abdominal discomfort
- diarrhea
- edema
100
laboratory diagnosis of Fasciolopsis buski
- stool exam
- concentration techniques
- molecular techniques
101
drug of choice of Fasciolopsis buski
Praziquantel
102
Morphology of Adult (Fasciolopsis buski)
- has simple intestinal ceca
- two dendritic testes in tandem
- branched ovaries
103
Morphology of Egg (Fasciolopsis buski)
indistinguishable from other fasciolid eggs
104
discovered by Philip Garrison among prisoners of Bilibid Prison in Manila, PH
Echinostoma ilocanum
105
Echinostoma ilocanum aka
Garrison’s Fluke
106
final host of Echinostoma ilocanum
man
107
1st intermediate host Echinostoma ilocanum
SNAIL
- Gyraulus convexiusculus
- Hippeutis umbilicalis
108
2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST OF Echinostoma ilocanum
SNAIL
- Kuhol (Pila luzonica)
- Susong pampang (Vivipara angularis)
109
HABITAT OF Echinostoma ilocanum
SMALL INTESTINE
110
infective stage of Echinostoma ilocanum
metacercaria
111
pathology of Echinostoma ilocanum
- abdominal discomfort
- chronic mucous diarrhea
- eosinophilia
112
laboratory diagnosis of Echinostoma ilocanum
-stool exam
- concentration techniques
- molecular techniques
113
drug of choice of Echinostoma ilocanum
Praziquantel
114
morphology of adult (Echinostoma ilocanum)
circumoral disk w/ _____________ (_____________) surrounding oral sucker
circumoral disk w/ crown of spines (49-51 spines) surrounding oral sucker
115
morphology of egg (Echinostoma ilocanum)
germ ball egg w/ ___________ operculum
germ ball egg w/ triangular operculum
116
smallest trematode of man
Heterophyes heterophyes
117
deadliest trematode;
as it can migrate to:
Heterophyes heterophyes
heart, brain, spinal cord
118
causes Heterophyid myocarditis; 15% of total fatal heart disease in PH
Heterophyes heterophyes
119
Heterophyes heterophyes aka
Von Siebold’s Fluke
Heterophyid Fluke
120
final host of Heterophyes heterophyes
man
121
1st intermediate host of Heterophyes heterophyes
SNAIL
- Cerithidea
- Pirenella
122
2nd intermediate host of Heterophyes heterophyes
FISHES
- Balanak (Mugil spp.)
- Tilapia (Tilapia spp.)
- Kanduli (Arius manilensis)
123
habitat of Heterophyes heterophyes
SMALL INTESTINE
124
infective stage of Heterophyes heterophyes
METACERCARIA
125
pathology of Heterophyes heterophyes
- abdominal pain
- mucous diarrhea
- ulceration of intestinal wall
126
laboratory diagnosis of Heterophyes heterophyes
- stool exam
- concentration techniques
- molecular techniques
127
drug of choice of Heterophyes heterophyes
Praziquantel
128
morphology of adult (Heterophyes heterophyes)
has genital sucker / gonocyte / gonotyl (3rd sucker) surrounding the genital pore
129
morphology of egg (Heterophyes heterophyes)
- old-fashioned light bulb
- same as heterophyids except for the presence of small protuberance at abopercular end
130
included in the heterophyids
Metagonimus yokogawai
131
Metagonimus yokogawai aka
yokogawa's fluke
132
final host of Metagonimus yokogawai
man
133
1st intermediate host of Metagonimus yokogawai
SNAIL
- Semisulcospira spp.
134
2nd intermediate host of Metagonimus yokogawai
FISHES
- Salmonoid fishes
- Cyprinoid fishes
135
habitat of Metagonimus yokogawai
small intestine
136
infective stage of Metagonimus yokogawai
metacercaria
137
MOT of Metagonimus yokogawai
Ingestion of 2nd Intermediate Host with Metacercaria
138
morphology of adult (Metagonimus yokogawai)
pyriform-shaped scaly spines, no gonotyl
139
morphology of egg (Metagonimus yokogawai)
- similar with Heterophyes spp.
- diff. to others: has thin shell
140
LUNG FLUKE
Paragonimus westermani
141
common in Sorsogon
Paragonimus westermani
142
Paragonimus westermani aka
Oriental Lung Fluke
143
final host of Paragonimus westermani
man
144
1st intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani
SNAIL
- Antemelania asperata (formerly Brotia asperata)
- Antemelania dactylus
145
2nd intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani
CRABS
Sundathelphusa philippina (formerly Parathelpusa grapsoides)
146
habitat of Paragonimus westermani
LUNGS
147
infective stage of Paragonimus westermani
METACERCARIA
148
MOT of Paragonimus westermani
ingestion of the 2nd intermediate host with Metacercaria
149
pathology of Paragonimus westermani
Paragonimiasis
150
causes pulmonary distomiasis
Paragonimiasis
151
chronic cough and hemoptysis (coughing with blood
Paragonimiasis
152
resembles tuberculosis
Paragonimiasis
153
morphology of adult (Paragonimus westermani)
- coffee-bean shaped
- wavy or succulent intestinal ceca
154
morphology of egg (Paragonimus westermani)
- thickened abopercular end
- flattened but prominent operculum
- similar w/ Diphyllobothrium latum (a cestode)
155
EGG IS similar w/ Diphyllobothrium latum
Paragonimus westermani
156
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF Paragonimus westermani
- sputum examination
~ ova + Charcot-Leyden crystals
- may also look for adult
- eosinophil degradation crystal
- stool exam (DFS)
sputum may be swallowed, transferring ova to stool
- chest x-ray
- serodiagnostics (ELISA, IB)
- molecular tests (PCR)
157
AKA pancreatic fluke
Eurytrema pancreaticum
158
Final host of Eurytrema pancreaticum
cattle/sheep
159
1st intermediate host Eurytrema pancreaticum
Snail
160
2nd intermediate host Eurytrema pancreaticum
Ants
Grasshoppers
Mantis
Crickets
161
Habitat of Eurytrema pancreaticum
Pancreatic ducts
162
Infective stage Eurytrema pancreaticum
Metacercaria
163
MOT of Eurytrema pancreaticum
Ingestion of 2nd IH with metacercaria
164
Adult Eurytrema pancreaticum
Ruffled margins
165
Egg Eurytrema pancreaticum
Operculated, embryonated
166
Blood flukes aka
Schistosomes
167
Separate sexes; adult male/adult female
dioecious
168
Blood flukes shape
Elongated/cylindrical
169
Intermediate host of Eurytrema pancreaticum
Snail
170
Infective stage of Eurytrema pancreaticum
Miracidia - snail
Cercaria - final host
171
MOT of Eurytrema pancreaticum
Skin penetration in adult
172
Habitat of Eurytrema pancreaticum
Blood vessels
173
Adult Eurytrema pancreaticum is called as
Perpetual copulation
174
Adult Eurytrema pancreaticum is known as
Most romantic parasite
175
Female adult of Eurytrema pancreaticum
Oviviparous
176
Male adult of Eurytrema pancreaticum
Have gynecophoral canal/grooves
177
This part holds the female
Gynecophoral canal
178
T/F
Female Eurytrema pancreaticum are larger than male
False
179
Common in mindoro, leyte,sorsogon, mindanao
Schistosoma japonicum
180
Schistosoma japonicum aka
Oriental blood fluke
181
Schistosoma japonicum is the ______ ova among blood flukes
Smallest
182
Schistosoma japonicum is the ____ adult among blood flukes
Largest
183
Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum
Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi (snail)
183
Final host of Schistosoma japonicum
Man
184
Habitat of Schistosoma japonicum
Superior mesenteric vein
185
Infective stage of Schistosoma japonicum
Cercaria (forked tail)
186
MOT of Schistosoma japonicum
Skin penetration
187
No tail/tailless Cercaria
schistosomules/schistosomula (when the Cercaria penetrates the skin of the host, they lose their tail)
188
Disease related to Schistosoma japonicum
Katayama Disease (snail fever)
Oriental Schistosomiasis (swamp fever)
189
First reported by Theofore Bilharz
Schistosoma mansoni
190
Laboratory diagnosis for Schistosoma japonicum
stool exam
rectal biopsy specimen
191
Adult morphology of Schistosoma japonicum
Smooth integument
192
Morphology of egg Schistosoma japonicum
knob-like or curved hook of protuberance on one side (lateral knob)
193
Common name for Schistosoma mansoni
Mansoni blood fluke
194
Final host of Schistosoma mansoni
Man
195
Intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni
Snail
Biomphalaria spp.
Australorbis spp.
Tropicorbis spp.
Planorbis spp.
196
Habitat of Schistosoma mansoni
Inferior mesenteric vein of colon/rectum
197
Infective stage of Schistosoma mansoni
Cercaria (forked tail)
198
MOT of Schistosoma mansoni
Skin penetration
199
Pathology of Schistosoma mansoni
Intestinal Bilharziasis
200
Laboratory diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni
stool exam
rectal biopsy specimen
201
Smallest blood fluke
Schistosoma mansoni
201
Egg Morphology of Schistosoma mansoni
Light yellowish brown
202
Appearance of egg Schistosoma mansoni
Rose-thorn
203
Common in Nile River Valley
Schistosoma haematobium
204
Common name of Schistosoma haematobium
Vesical blood fluke
204
Final host of Schistosoma haematobium
Man
205
Intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium
Snail
Bulinus spp.
Physopsis spp.
Biomphalaria spp.
205
Habitat of Schistosoma haematobium
Vesical, prostatic, uterine venous plexuses of urinary bladder
206
Infective stage of Schistosoma haematobium
Cercaria (forked tail)
206
MOT of Schistosoma haematobium
Skin penetration
207
Disease related to Schistosoma haematobium
Urinary Bilharziasis
208
Laboratory diagnosis for Schistosoma haematobium
Concentrated urine spx
209
Preferred specimen for Schistosoma haematobium
24-hr unpreserved urine
210
Preservation of urine might result to
Destruction of ova
211
Optimized recovery in urine
Between noon and 2 pm
212
Morphology of adult Schistosoma haematobium
Fine tuberculation
213
Egg morphology of Schistosoma haematobium
Large, prominent terminal spine
214
Dermatitis with pruritus at site of cercarial penetratIon
Swimmer’s Itch / Gulf-Coast Itch / Cercarial Itch / Clam Digger’s Itch
215
systemic hypersensitivity reaction to schistosomulum migrating thru tissue
Katayama Disease / Katayama Fever / Snail Fever
215
Katayama Disease / Katayama Fever / Snail Fever is caused by
Schistosoma japonicum
216
most serious consequence of chronic schistosomiasis
Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis
217
infected patients have enlarged stomachs due to large amounts of peritoneal fluid
Ascites
218
Characterized by hematuria
Urinary Bilharziasis / Egyptian Hematuria
219
Urinary Bilharziasis / Egyptian Hematuria presents ___ in lower urinary tract
Sandy patches
220
Urinary Bilharziasis / Egyptian Hematuria is caused by
Schistosoma haematobium
221
Both are found in mesenteric vein
S. japonicum and S. mansoni
222
Laboratory diagnosis for S. japonicum and S. mansoni
Stool Exam
Rectal Biopsy
Sedimentation Technique
faust-meleney’s egg hatching technique
Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)
Cercarial Hullen Reaction
223
Miracidial egg hatching technique
faust-meleney’s egg hatching technique
224
Water used in faust-meleney’s egg hatching technique
Non-chlorinated water
225
Specimen used in faust-meleney’s egg hatching technique
freshly collected stool or urine (S. haematobium)
226
Process of freshly collected stool or urine (S. haematobium)
dissolve sample in non-chlorinated water placed in erlenmeyer flask
cover and stand overnight against light
incubate and observe for miracidia swimming at upper layer of water
227
Definitive test for schistosomiasis in PH
Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)
228
Specimen used in Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)
Serum
229
Reagent used in Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)
Lyophilized eggs from rabbit
230
Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT) demonstrates ______, microscopically
bleb formation
231
Specimen used cercarial hullen reaction
Serum
232
Reagent used in cercarial hullen reaction
lyophilized cercaria
232
cercarial hullen reaction demonstrates
Shrinking of cercaria
233
Discovered in mekong river
Schistosoma mekongi
234
Adult Schistosoma mekongi reside in
Small intestine venules
235
Egg of Schistosoma mekongi resembles what
Schistosoma japonicum (but smaller)
236
Adult Schistosoma intercalatum reside in
colon/large intestine venules
237
Egg of Schistosoma intercalatum resembles what
egg of S. haematobium (with equatorial/central bulge
