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Parasitology > Trematodes > Flashcards

Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Flukes

A

Trematodes

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2
Q

NO PSEUDOCOELE, NO EXCRETORY PORE

A

Trematodes/Flukes

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3
Q

Flat and leaflike - unsegmented

A

Trematodes/Flukes

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4
Q

2 suckers of Flukes

A

Oral and Ventral suckers

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5
Q

complicated life cycle

A

Trematodes/Flukes

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6
Q

Snails are always the 1st Intermediate host

A

Trematodes/Flukes

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7
Q

All are hermaphrodites (both male and female sex organs) except?

A

Schistosoma

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8
Q

With operculated eggs except for?

A

Schistosoma

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9
Q

Requires two intermediate host

A

Trematodes/Flukes

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10
Q

Mode of transmission of Trematodes/Flukes (except for Schistosoma)

A

Ingestion

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11
Q

Mode of transmission of Schistosoma spp.

A

Skin penetration

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12
Q

Schistosoma spp. are example of what Fluke?

A

Blood Fluke

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13
Q

Paragonimus westermani is example of what Fluke?

A

Lung Fluke

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14
Q

Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis felineus are example of what Fluke?

A

Liver and Bile Fluke

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15
Q

Fasciolopsis buski, Echinostoma ilocanum, and Heterophyids are example of what Fluke?

A

Intestinal Fluke

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16
Q

immature eggs (P-F-E-F)

A

Paragonimus westermani, Fasciolopsis buski, Echinostoma ilocanum, Fasciola hepatica

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17
Q

mature eggs (S-C-O-H)

A

Schistosoma spp., Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis felineus, Heterophyids

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18
Q

Fasciola hepatica common name

A

Sheep Liver Fluke

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19
Q

Sheep liver fluke scientific name

A

Fasciola hepatica

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20
Q

Fasciola gigantica common name

A

Giant liver fluke

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21
Q

Giant liver fluke scientific name

A

Fasciola gigantica

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22
Q

Has a cephalic cone

A

Fasciola hepatica

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23
Q

Highly branched intestinal ceca

A

Fasciola hepatica

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24
Q

Dendritic testes in tandem and single dendritic ovary

A

Fasciola hepatica

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25
Q

Hen’s egg

A

Fasciola hepatica

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26
Q

1st Intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica (Snails)

A

Lymnea philippinensis

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27
Q

2nd Intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Ipomoea aquatica (Kangkong/Swamp Cabbage)

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28
Q

Reservoir host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep/Cattle

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29
Q

Final host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Man

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30
Q

Disease of Fasciola hepatica

A

Laryngopharyngitis

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31
Q

Diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica

A

Direct Fecal Smear

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32
Q

Fasciolopsis buski common name

A

Giant Intestinal Fluke

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33
Q

Giant Intestinal Fluke scientific name

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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34
Q

Egg: Ellipsoidal, Rounded at both ends

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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35
Q

1st Intermediate host of Fasciolopsis buski (Snails)

A

Segmentina, Hippeutis

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36
Q

2nd Intermediate host of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Trapa bicornis (water caltrop), Nymphaea lotus (lotus)

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37
Q

Final host of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Man and Pigs

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38
Q

Disease: Inflammation, Ulceration, EDEMA

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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39
Q

Diagnosis of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Direct Fecal Smear

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40
Q

Clonorchis sinensis common name

A

Chinese/Oriental Liver Fluke

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41
Q

Chinese/Oriental Liver Fluke scientific name

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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42
Q

Ventral sucker is smaller than oral sucker

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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43
Q

Deeply branched testes in tandem and Single ovary is small and lobed

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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44
Q

Egg: “Old-fashioned electric bulb” shape

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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45
Q

1st Intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis (Snails)

A

Bulimus, Melanoides

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46
Q

2nd Intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Carps and minnows

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47
Q

Reservoir host of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Cat, Pigs, Dogs

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48
Q

Final host of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Man

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49
Q

Disease: May cause gallstones, Periductal fibrosis, Eosinophilia

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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50
Q

Diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Direct Fecal Smear

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51
Q

Opisthorchis felineus common name

A

Cat liver fluke

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52
Q

Cat liver fluke scientific name

A

Opisthorchis felineus

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53
Q

Oral sucker is smaller than ventral sucker

A

Opisthorchis felineus

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54
Q

Lobate testes and lobed ovary

A

Opisthorchis felineus

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55
Q

Lancet-shaped and Reddish yellow

A

Opisthorchis felineus

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56
Q

Egg: “Old-fashioned electric bulb” shape but SMALLER

A

Opisthorchis felineus

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57
Q

1st Intermediate host of Opisthorchis felineus (Snails)

A

Bithynia leachi

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58
Q

2nd Intermediate host of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Carps and minnows

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59
Q

Reservoir host of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Cat, Pigs, Dogs

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60
Q

Final host of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Man

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61
Q

Disease: Autonomic dysregulation of the cardiovascular system

A

Opisthorchis felineus

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62
Q

Diagnosis of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Recovery of diagnostic ova

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63
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum common name

A

Garrison’s Fluke

64
Q

Garrison’s Fluke scientific name

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

65
Q

Covered with plaque-like scale

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

66
Q

Dumbbell shaped

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

67
Q

Oral sucker: equipped with circumoral disc

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

68
Q

How many is the collar of spines of Echinostoma ilocanum?

A

49-51

69
Q

Egg: Inconspicuous operculum with germ ball

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

70
Q

1st Intermediate host of Echinostoma ilocanum (Snails)

A

Hippeutis umbilicus

71
Q

2nd Intermediate host of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Kuhol or Pila conica

72
Q

Final host of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Man, cats, pigs, rats, dogs

73
Q

Disease: Ulceration and Diarrhea (sometimes bloody)

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

74
Q

Diagnosis of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Recovery of Egg

75
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes common name

A

Heterophyd worm

76
Q

Two equal sized testes

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

77
Q

Two unequal testes

A

Metagonimus yokagawai

78
Q

Heterophyd worm scientific name

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

79
Q

Smallest yet deadliest trematode

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

80
Q

With 3rd genital sucker (gonotyl)

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

81
Q

Egg: Smallest eggs, Embryonated Golden brown

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

82
Q

Egg: Thickened abopercular portion

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

83
Q

1st Intermediate host of Heterophyes heterophyes (Snails)

A

Melanoides juncea

84
Q

2nd Intermediate host of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Chanos chanos (Milkfish/Bangus)

85
Q

Final host of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Man, cats, dogs

86
Q

Disease: Peptic ulcer disease, Acid peptic disease, Gurgling abdomen

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

87
Q

Diagnosis of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Recovery of diagnostic ova

88
Q

Paragonimus westermani common name

A

Oriental lung fluke

89
Q

Oriental lung fluke scientific name

A

Paragonimus westermani

90
Q

Coffee bean shaped

A

Paragonimus westermani

91
Q

Posterior ovary to ventral sucker with 6 long unbranched lobes

A

Paragonimus westermani

92
Q

Unembryonated/immature egg with germ cells not miracidium

A

Paragonimus westermani

93
Q

1st Intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani (Snails)

A

Antemelania asperata

94
Q

2nd Intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani

A

Sundathelpusa philippina (Talangka)

95
Q

Disease: Paraganomiasis with HEMOPTYSIS Chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis (couging of blood)

A

Paragonimus westermani

96
Q

Diagnosis: Sputum exam, X-ray, Serology, Intradermal tests

A

Paragonimus westermani

97
Q

Have separate sexes

A

Schistosoma

98
Q

Eggs are NOT operculated

A

Schistosoma

99
Q

Portal of Entry: Skin penetration

A

Schistosoma

100
Q

Have No metacercaria stage

A

Schistosoma

101
Q

Has only 1 intermediate host

A

Schistosoma

102
Q

Identification of species is mainly by egg appearance

A

Schistosoma

103
Q

Schistosoma: Egg with knob-like protuberance

A

Schistosoma japonicum

104
Q

Schistosoma: Egg with lateral spine (“rose’s thorn”)

A

Schistosoma mansoni

105
Q

Schistosoma: Egg with terminal spine

A

Schistosoma haematobium

106
Q

Less common Schistosoma species (2)

A

Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosoma mekongi

107
Q

Terminal bent spine

A

Schistosoma intercalatum

108
Q

Lateral spine

A

Schistosoma mekongi

109
Q

Schistosoma japonicum common name

A

Oriental blood fluke

110
Q

Oriental blood fluke scientific name

A

Schistosoma japonicum

111
Q

Schistosoma Distribution: Pacific region

A

Schistosoma japonicum

112
Q

Schistosoma mansoni common name

A

Intestinal blood fluke

113
Q

Intestinal blood fluke scientific name

A

Schistosoma mansoni

114
Q

Schistosoma Distribution: Africa and Latin America

A

Schistosoma mansoni

115
Q

Schistosoma haematobium common name

A

Vesical Blood Fluke

116
Q

Vesical Blood Fluke scientific name

A

Schistosoma haematobium

117
Q

Schistosoma Distribution: Africa and Middle East

A

Schistosoma haematobium

118
Q

Schistosoma Distribution: Laos and Cambodia

A

Schistosoma mekongi

119
Q

Schistosoma Distribution: Rainforest belt of Africa

A

Schistosoma intercalatum

120
Q

Schistosoma Habitat: Superior mesenteric veins

A

Schistosoma japonicum

121
Q

Schistosoma Habitat: inferior mesenteric veins

A

Schistosoma mansoni

122
Q

Schistosoma Habitat: urinary/vesical plexuses

A

Schistosoma haematobium

123
Q

Used in copulation

A

Gynecophoral canal

124
Q

They are shorter and stouter

A

Schistosoma adult male

125
Q

Average lifespan: 3-10 years

A

Schistosoma adult male and female

126
Q

Intermediate host: Snails which includes Oncomelania

A

Schistosoma japonicum

127
Q

Intermediate host: Snails which includes Biomphalaria

A

Schistosoma mansoni

128
Q

Intermediate host: Snails which includes Bulinus

A

Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma intercalatum

129
Q

Intermediate host: Snails which includes Tricula

A

Schistosoma mekongi

130
Q

Final/Definitive host of Schistosoma spp.

A

Man

131
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma spp

A

Cercaria - bifurcated (fork-tailed)

132
Q

Cercaria - bifurcated (fork-tailed)

A

Infective stage of Schistosoma spp

133
Q

Diagnostic stage of Schistosoma spp

A

Egg/Ova in stools/urine

134
Q

Immediate itching and urticaria

A

Schistosome dermatitis

135
Q

Penetration of non-human schistosome cercaria

A

Swimmer’s Itch

136
Q

Acute onset of infection, fever, myalgia, headache, nausea, diarrhea, etc.

A

Katayama fever

137
Q

Observed in eggs trapped in tissues

A

Egg Granuloma

138
Q

The enlargement of both the liver and the spleen

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

139
Q

Hematuria, scarring and calcification, occasional embolic egg granulomas in brain or spinal cord, bladder cancer

A

Disease of Schistosoma haematobium

140
Q

Intermittent and Bloody diarrhea, colonic polyps and inflammatory pseudopolyps, colon cancer in chronic infection

A

Disease of Schistosoma mansoni, japonicum, mekongi

141
Q

Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis

A

Disease of Schistosoma japonicum and mekongi

142
Q

Diagnosis of Schistosoma spp

A

Direct Fecal Smear, Urinalysis, FECT, MICT, Faust Malloney Egg Hatching Technique, Biopsy, Ultrasound, Serodiagnosis

143
Q

Urinalysis (Ovum) diagnosis of Schistosoma spp

A

Schistosoma hematuria and haematobium

144
Q

MICT

A

Merthiolate Iodine Concentration Technique

145
Q

Advantages of MICT

A

Eggs will sediment, Fecal debris can be removed, Procedure can be interrupted anytime

146
Q

Stool is diluted with water

A

Faust Malloney Egg Hatching Technique

147
Q

Biopsy diagnosis of Schistosoma spp

A

Rectal biopsy, Open Wedge biopsy (Liver)

148
Q

A specific precipitation technique which uses lyophilized Schistosoma egg (antigen) as reagent

A

Circumoval Precipitin Test (Serodiagnosis)

149
Q

Treatment of Schistosoma spp

A

Praziquantel, Oxamniquine (Vasnil), Metrifonate (Bilarcil)

150
Q

Praziquantel - total dose of __mg/Kg body wt. for all species.

A

60mg/Kg body wt.

151
Q

Oxamniquine (Vasnil) - single dose of __mg/Kg body wt.

A

15mg/Kg body wt.

152
Q

Oxamniquine (Vasnil) is a treatment for what Schistosoma spp?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

153
Q

Metrifonate (Bilarcil) - single dose of __mg/Kg body

A

10mg/Kg body

154
Q

Metrifonate (Bilarcil) is a treatment for what Schistosoma spp?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

155
Q

Prevention of Schistosoma spp

A

Education, Vaccination, Topical Prophylaxis, Snail Eradication

156
Q

Snail eradication is a removal through what?

A

Mechanical removal

157
Q

What is a topical prophylaxis?

A

To prevent penetration of cercariae

Parasitology (4 decks)

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