Trematodes Flashcards
1
Q
Blood Flukes
A
Trematodes
2
Q
NO PSEUDOCOELE, NO EXCRETORY PORE
A
Trematodes/Flukes
3
Q
Flat and leaflike - unsegmented
A
Trematodes/Flukes
4
Q
2 suckers of Flukes
A
Oral and Ventral suckers
5
Q
complicated life cycle
A
Trematodes/Flukes
6
Q
Snails are always the 1st Intermediate host
A
Trematodes/Flukes
7
Q
All are hermaphrodites (both male and female sex organs) except?
A
Schistosoma
8
Q
With operculated eggs except for?
A
Schistosoma
9
Q
Requires two intermediate host
A
Trematodes/Flukes
10
Q
Mode of transmission of Trematodes/Flukes (except for Schistosoma)
A
Ingestion
11
Q
Mode of transmission of Schistosoma spp.
A
Skin penetration
12
Q
Schistosoma spp. are example of what Fluke?
A
Blood Fluke
13
Q
Paragonimus westermani is example of what Fluke?
A
Lung Fluke
14
Q
Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis felineus are example of what Fluke?
A
Liver and Bile Fluke
15
Q
Fasciolopsis buski, Echinostoma ilocanum, and Heterophyids are example of what Fluke?
A
Intestinal Fluke
16
Q
immature eggs (P-F-E-F)
A
Paragonimus westermani, Fasciolopsis buski, Echinostoma ilocanum, Fasciola hepatica
17
Q
mature eggs (S-C-O-H)
A
Schistosoma spp., Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis felineus, Heterophyids
18
Q
Fasciola hepatica common name
A
Sheep Liver Fluke
19
Q
Sheep liver fluke scientific name
A
Fasciola hepatica
20
Q
Fasciola gigantica common name
A
Giant liver fluke
21
Q
Giant liver fluke scientific name
A
Fasciola gigantica
22
Q
Has a cephalic cone
A
Fasciola hepatica
23
Q
Highly branched intestinal ceca
A
Fasciola hepatica
24
Q
Dendritic testes in tandem and single dendritic ovary
A
Fasciola hepatica
25
Hen's egg
Fasciola hepatica
26
1st Intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica (Snails)
Lymnea philippinensis
27
2nd Intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica
Ipomoea aquatica (Kangkong/Swamp Cabbage)
28
Reservoir host of Fasciola hepatica
Sheep/Cattle
29
Final host of Fasciola hepatica
Man
30
Disease of Fasciola hepatica
Laryngopharyngitis
31
Diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica
Direct Fecal Smear
32
Fasciolopsis buski common name
Giant Intestinal Fluke
33
Giant Intestinal Fluke scientific name
Fasciolopsis buski
34
Egg: Ellipsoidal, Rounded at both ends
Fasciolopsis buski
35
1st Intermediate host of Fasciolopsis buski (Snails)
Segmentina, Hippeutis
36
2nd Intermediate host of Fasciolopsis buski
Trapa bicornis (water caltrop), Nymphaea lotus (lotus)
37
Final host of Fasciolopsis buski
Man and Pigs
38
Disease: Inflammation, Ulceration, EDEMA
Fasciolopsis buski
39
Diagnosis of Fasciolopsis buski
Direct Fecal Smear
40
Clonorchis sinensis common name
Chinese/Oriental Liver Fluke
41
Chinese/Oriental Liver Fluke scientific name
Clonorchis sinensis
42
Ventral sucker is smaller than oral sucker
Clonorchis sinensis
43
Deeply branched testes in tandem and Single ovary is small and lobed
Clonorchis sinensis
44
Egg: "Old-fashioned electric bulb" shape
Clonorchis sinensis
45
1st Intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis (Snails)
Bulimus, Melanoides
46
2nd Intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis
Carps and minnows
47
Reservoir host of Clonorchis sinensis
Cat, Pigs, Dogs
48
Final host of Clonorchis sinensis
Man
49
Disease: May cause gallstones, Periductal fibrosis, Eosinophilia
Clonorchis sinensis
50
Diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis
Direct Fecal Smear
51
Opisthorchis felineus common name
Cat liver fluke
52
Cat liver fluke scientific name
Opisthorchis felineus
53
Oral sucker is smaller than ventral sucker
Opisthorchis felineus
54
Lobate testes and lobed ovary
Opisthorchis felineus
55
Lancet-shaped and Reddish yellow
Opisthorchis felineus
56
Egg: "Old-fashioned electric bulb" shape but SMALLER
Opisthorchis felineus
57
1st Intermediate host of Opisthorchis felineus (Snails)
Bithynia leachi
58
2nd Intermediate host of Opisthorchis felineus
Carps and minnows
59
Reservoir host of Opisthorchis felineus
Cat, Pigs, Dogs
60
Final host of Opisthorchis felineus
Man
61
Disease: Autonomic dysregulation of the cardiovascular system
Opisthorchis felineus
62
Diagnosis of Opisthorchis felineus
Recovery of diagnostic ova
63
Echinostoma ilocanum common name
Garrison's Fluke
64
Garrison's Fluke scientific name
Echinostoma ilocanum
65
Covered with plaque-like scale
Echinostoma ilocanum
66
Dumbbell shaped
Echinostoma ilocanum
67
Oral sucker: equipped with circumoral disc
Echinostoma ilocanum
68
How many is the collar of spines of Echinostoma ilocanum?
49-51
69
Egg: Inconspicuous operculum with germ ball
Echinostoma ilocanum
70
1st Intermediate host of Echinostoma ilocanum (Snails)
Hippeutis umbilicus
71
2nd Intermediate host of Echinostoma ilocanum
Kuhol or Pila conica
72
Final host of Echinostoma ilocanum
Man, cats, pigs, rats, dogs
73
Disease: Ulceration and Diarrhea (sometimes bloody)
Echinostoma ilocanum
74
Diagnosis of Echinostoma ilocanum
Recovery of Egg
75
Heterophyes heterophyes common name
Heterophyd worm
76
Two equal sized testes
Heterophyes heterophyes
77
Two unequal testes
Metagonimus yokagawai
78
Heterophyd worm scientific name
Heterophyes heterophyes
79
Smallest yet deadliest trematode
Heterophyes heterophyes
80
With 3rd genital sucker (gonotyl)
Heterophyes heterophyes
81
Egg: Smallest eggs, Embryonated Golden brown
Heterophyes heterophyes
82
Egg: Thickened abopercular portion
Heterophyes heterophyes
83
1st Intermediate host of Heterophyes heterophyes (Snails)
Melanoides juncea
84
2nd Intermediate host of Heterophyes heterophyes
Chanos chanos (Milkfish/Bangus)
85
Final host of Heterophyes heterophyes
Man, cats, dogs
86
Disease: Peptic ulcer disease, Acid peptic disease, Gurgling abdomen
Heterophyes heterophyes
87
Diagnosis of Heterophyes heterophyes
Recovery of diagnostic ova
88
Paragonimus westermani common name
Oriental lung fluke
89
Oriental lung fluke scientific name
Paragonimus westermani
90
Coffee bean shaped
Paragonimus westermani
91
Posterior ovary to ventral sucker with 6 long unbranched lobes
Paragonimus westermani
92
Unembryonated/immature egg with germ cells not miracidium
Paragonimus westermani
93
1st Intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani (Snails)
Antemelania asperata
94
2nd Intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani
Sundathelpusa philippina (Talangka)
95
Disease: Paraganomiasis with HEMOPTYSIS Chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis (couging of blood)
Paragonimus westermani
96
Diagnosis: Sputum exam, X-ray, Serology, Intradermal tests
Paragonimus westermani
97
Have separate sexes
Schistosoma
98
Eggs are NOT operculated
Schistosoma
99
Portal of Entry: Skin penetration
Schistosoma
100
Have No metacercaria stage
Schistosoma
101
Has only 1 intermediate host
Schistosoma
102
Identification of species is mainly by egg appearance
Schistosoma
103
Schistosoma: Egg with knob-like protuberance
Schistosoma japonicum
104
Schistosoma: Egg with lateral spine ("rose's thorn")
Schistosoma mansoni
105
Schistosoma: Egg with terminal spine
Schistosoma haematobium
106
Less common Schistosoma species (2)
Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosoma mekongi
107
Terminal bent spine
Schistosoma intercalatum
108
Lateral spine
Schistosoma mekongi
109
Schistosoma japonicum common name
Oriental blood fluke
110
Oriental blood fluke scientific name
Schistosoma japonicum
111
Schistosoma Distribution: Pacific region
Schistosoma japonicum
112
Schistosoma mansoni common name
Intestinal blood fluke
113
Intestinal blood fluke scientific name
Schistosoma mansoni
114
Schistosoma Distribution: Africa and Latin America
Schistosoma mansoni
115
Schistosoma haematobium common name
Vesical Blood Fluke
116
Vesical Blood Fluke scientific name
Schistosoma haematobium
117
Schistosoma Distribution: Africa and Middle East
Schistosoma haematobium
118
Schistosoma Distribution: Laos and Cambodia
Schistosoma mekongi
119
Schistosoma Distribution: Rainforest belt of Africa
Schistosoma intercalatum
120
Schistosoma Habitat: Superior mesenteric veins
Schistosoma japonicum
121
Schistosoma Habitat: inferior mesenteric veins
Schistosoma mansoni
122
Schistosoma Habitat: urinary/vesical plexuses
Schistosoma haematobium
123
Used in copulation
Gynecophoral canal
124
They are shorter and stouter
Schistosoma adult male
125
Average lifespan: 3-10 years
Schistosoma adult male and female
126
Intermediate host: Snails which includes Oncomelania
Schistosoma japonicum
127
Intermediate host: Snails which includes Biomphalaria
Schistosoma mansoni
128
Intermediate host: Snails which includes Bulinus
Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma intercalatum
129
Intermediate host: Snails which includes Tricula
Schistosoma mekongi
130
Final/Definitive host of Schistosoma spp.
Man
131
Infective stage of Schistosoma spp
Cercaria - bifurcated (fork-tailed)
132
Cercaria - bifurcated (fork-tailed)
Infective stage of Schistosoma spp
133
Diagnostic stage of Schistosoma spp
Egg/Ova in stools/urine
134
Immediate itching and urticaria
Schistosome dermatitis
135
Penetration of non-human schistosome cercaria
Swimmer's Itch
136
Acute onset of infection, fever, myalgia, headache, nausea, diarrhea, etc.
Katayama fever
137
Observed in eggs trapped in tissues
Egg Granuloma
138
The enlargement of both the liver and the spleen
Hepatosplenomegaly
139
Hematuria, scarring and calcification, occasional embolic egg granulomas in brain or spinal cord, bladder cancer
Disease of Schistosoma haematobium
140
Intermittent and Bloody diarrhea, colonic polyps and inflammatory pseudopolyps, colon cancer in chronic infection
Disease of Schistosoma mansoni, japonicum, mekongi
141
Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis
Disease of Schistosoma japonicum and mekongi
142
Diagnosis of Schistosoma spp
Direct Fecal Smear, Urinalysis, FECT, MICT, Faust Malloney Egg Hatching Technique, Biopsy, Ultrasound, Serodiagnosis
143
Urinalysis (Ovum) diagnosis of Schistosoma spp
Schistosoma hematuria and haematobium
144
MICT
Merthiolate Iodine Concentration Technique
145
Advantages of MICT
Eggs will sediment, Fecal debris can be removed, Procedure can be interrupted anytime
146
Stool is diluted with water
Faust Malloney Egg Hatching Technique
147
Biopsy diagnosis of Schistosoma spp
Rectal biopsy, Open Wedge biopsy (Liver)
148
A specific precipitation technique which uses lyophilized Schistosoma egg (antigen) as reagent
Circumoval Precipitin Test (Serodiagnosis)
149
Treatment of Schistosoma spp
Praziquantel, Oxamniquine (Vasnil), Metrifonate (Bilarcil)
150
Praziquantel - total dose of __mg/Kg body wt. for all species.
60mg/Kg body wt.
151
Oxamniquine (Vasnil) - single dose of __mg/Kg body wt.
15mg/Kg body wt.
152
Oxamniquine (Vasnil) is a treatment for what Schistosoma spp?
Schistosoma mansoni
153
Metrifonate (Bilarcil) - single dose of __mg/Kg body
10mg/Kg body
154
Metrifonate (Bilarcil) is a treatment for what Schistosoma spp?
Schistosoma haematobium
155
Prevention of Schistosoma spp
Education, Vaccination, Topical Prophylaxis, Snail Eradication
156
Snail eradication is a removal through what?
Mechanical removal
157
What is a topical prophylaxis?
To prevent penetration of cercariae
