trematodes

Question 1

trematodes

Answer 1

liver flukes ,lung fluke,intestinal fluke and blood fluke

Question 2

liver flukes

Answer 2

clinorchis sinensis and fasciola hepatica.

Question 3

clinorchis sinensis

Answer 3

Embryonated eggs are released from stool-eaten by snail from genus bulinus-inside snail a miracidium is formed-goes through 3 stages ;sporocyst-radiae-cercaria.ceracria exits the snail and swims around until it is ingested by fresh water fish-matures into metacercaria-undercooked fish is eaten by humans -exysts in the duodenum and ascends into the small and medium biliary duct-mature into adults that produce eggs that are released in stool

Question 4

Fasciola hepatica

Answer 4

umembryonated eggs-embryonated-invades aquatic snail-miracidium-sporocyst-radiae-cercaria-exits snail-goes into aquatic vegetation-encysts to form metacecaria-animals or humans ingest the vegetation-exysts in the duodenum-penetrates the intestinal wall-moves to the liver -feeds on the liver cells -relocate to large biliary duct-mature-produce eggs that are released in stool.

Question 5

Blood flukes(schistosomes)

Answer 5

paired .male has a gynaecophoral grove where female stays.

Question 6

genus

Answer 6

mansoni-intestinal hematobium-urinary bladder -snail genus bulinus-terminal spine japonicum-intestinal-small side spine

Question 7

life cycle

Answer 7

eggs released from feces or urine-miracidium enters through the foot of a snail-inside snail(sporocyst-radiae-cercaria)cercaria has a forked tail.-exits the snail into the environment-penetrates human host through follicle-leaves forked tail behind-transforms into schistosomulae-mature into adults mate -migrate to the veins where females produce eggs-eggs are flushed by circulating blood -venules rupture liberating the eggs into bladder or intestines.

Question 8

Fasciolopsis buski

Answer 8

eggs are embroynated at 27°-32°C they are hermaphrodites

Question 9

cycle

Answer 9

umembroynated eggs released-become embroynatedvat 27°C -miracidium is formed -gets inti snail-becomes sporocyst-radiae-cercaria-encysts into metacercaria in edible vegetation-vegetation is ingestedby humans -exysts in the ileum attach to wall and become adults eggs are produced-released.

Question 10

manifestation

Answer 10

ascites,anemia,obstruction

Question 11

lung fluke

Answer 11

Paragonimus westermani

Question 12

features

Answer 12

capsulated,hermaphrodites

Question 13

cycle

Answer 13

sputum is swallowed-gets into intestines-released inti water and hatches into miracidium-miracidium gets inti snail-matures to cercaria-exits the snail-ingested by grey fish or crab-encysts into metarcecaria-ingested in fish -gets inti duodenum and exysts-move to intestinal wall -abdominal wall-diaphragm and finally to lungs-capsulate and mature into adults.may go into brain cyclr ends or heart causes death.paralysis of it in spinal cord.