Trematodes: Flukes

Question 1

Most common fluke in florida

Found in bile ducts of cats

Answer 1

Platynosomum concinnum “lizard poisoning fluke”

Question 2

What are the 2 intermediate hosts of Platynosomum concinnum

Answer 2

Terrestrial snails

Anolis spp. lizards

Question 3

Characteristics of the size of platynosomum concinnum

Answer 3

Small with parallel testies

Question 4

What’s characteristic of the eggs of platynosomum concinnum

Answer 4

Operculated

Question 5

Life cycle of platynosomum concinnum

Answer 5

• Adults in bile duct of cats
• Operculated eggs leave via feces
• Eggs w/miracidium ingested by terrestrial snail
• Miracidium Hatches (sporocyst - sporocyst cercariae)
• Cercaria injested by 2nd IH
• Metacercariae in bile ducts of lizard
• Injested by cat
• Excyst and migrate to bile ducts

Question 6

Clinical signs of P. concinnum

Answer 6

Normally no severe disease
Chronic- biliary hyperplasia, liver failure
Temporary inappetence
Lizard poisoning

Question 7

How do you diagnose P. Concinnum

Answer 7

sedimentation

Necropsy

Question 8

Treatment of P. concinnum

Answer 8

None approved

Praziquantel

Question 9

Where is Paragonimus kellicotti found

Answer 9

Lungs of dogs and cats

Question 10

Who are the hosts of P. kellicotti

Answer 10

Mink/muskrat primary DH
IH: 1st - aquatic snail
2nd - crayfish or crab

Question 11

Life cycle of P. kellicotti

Answer 11

• Adults in lungs
• eggs hatch in water
• cercariae emerge from snail
• Cercariae penetrate 2nd IH
• 2nd IH ingested by DH

Question 12

Clinical signs of P. kellicotti

Answer 12

Juvenile migration: pertionitis, pleural hemorrhage

Adults: chronic bronchitis, coughing, chronic eosinophilic granulomatous pneumonia

Question 13

Diagnosis for P. Kellicotti

Answer 13

sedimentation
tracheal wash
radiography

Question 14

Treatment for P. kellicotti

Answer 14

None approved

Praziquantel

Question 15

Where is Nanophyetus salmincola most commonly found

Answer 15

Pacific northwest

Question 16

Where does N. salmincola live in the host

Answer 16

Small intestine of fish eating animlas

Question 17

What are the hosts of N. salmincola

Answer 17

1st IH: aquatic snail

2nd IH: Fish

Question 18

Life cycle of N. salmincola

Answer 18

• adults in intestine
• cercaria emerge from snail
• cercaria penetrate 2nd IH
• 2nd IH ingested by DH

Question 19

Clinical signs of N. salmincola

Answer 19

Salmon poisoning

Enteritis, usually asymptomatic

Question 20

Diagnosis of N. Salmincola

Answer 20

sedimentation

Question 21

Treatment for N. salmincola

Answer 21

Praziquantel
Fenbendazole
Tetracyclines

Question 22

Where is heterobilharzia americana found in the DH

Answer 22

mesenteric and hepatic veins

Question 23

Where in the US is H. americana found

Answer 23

gulf coast

Question 24

What is the IH for H. americana

Answer 24

Aquatic snail

Question 25

Life cycle of H. americana

Answer 25

- adults in terminal branches of mesenteric veins - cercariae emerge from snail - Cercariae penetrate skin of DH

Question 26

Clinical signs and pathogenicity of H. americana

Answer 26

Often asymptomatic Significant liver and bowel wall pathology CS: diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, thirst, hypercalcemia

Question 27

What clinical signs happen with egg migration of H. americana

Answer 27

granulomatous inflammation

Question 28

Diagnosis of H. americana

Answer 28

sedimentation

Question 29

Treatment of H. americana

Answer 29

praziquantel | fenbendazole

Question 30

Where is Alaria spp. found in the DH

Answer 30

small intestine of dogs, cats

Question 31

IH of alaria spp

Answer 31

1st IH: Aquatic snail 2nd IH: tadpole Transmammary transmission is possible

Question 32

Life cycle of Alaria spp.

Answer 32

- adults in intestine - eggs hatch in water, penetrate snail - cercariae emerge from snail - cercariae penetrate 2n IH develop into mesocercariae - 2nd host ingested, some develop into metacercaria

Question 33

Clinical signs of Alaria spp

Answer 33

usually none | Pulmonary hemorrhage from lung migration

Question 34

Diagnosis of Alaria spp.

Answer 34

Sedimentation

Question 35

Treatment of Alaria spp

Answer 35

none approved | Praziquantal