Trematodes (Flukes) Of Dogs And Cats

Question 1

What are the Trematoda species of dogs and cats?

Answer 1

Nanophyetus salmincola
Alaria species
Platynosomum fatosum

Question 2

What are the hosts of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 2

Dogs, cats, coyotes, foxes, bears

Question 3

Where are Nanophyetus salmincola located?

Answer 3

Small intestines

Question 4

Nanophyetus salmincola characteristics

Answer 4

Small white flukes
0.5- 1.5 mm

Question 5

What is the life cycle and prepatent period of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 5

Indirect
8 days or less

Question 6

What are the intermediate hosts of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 6

Snail- miracidium in eggs develops to cercaria in snail
Fish- Cercaria in fish develop to metacercaria

Question 7

Infective stage of Nanophyetus salmincola

Answer 7

Metacercaria (definitive host becomes infected by eating raw fish containing metacercaria)

Question 8

Clinical signs/ pathology of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 8

Carries rickettsial agent (Neorickettsia helminthoeca) that causes:
Enteritis, Fever, vomiting. Diarrhea, anorexia

Question 9

How do you diagnose Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 9

Fecal floatation

Question 10

Egg characteristics of Nanophyetus salmincola

Answer 10

Multicellular
Single operculum

Question 11

Treatment/ prevention of Nanophyetus salmincola

Answer 11

Praziquantel (fluke)
Tetracycline (bacteria)
Restrict host from eating raw salmon or similar fresh water fish

Question 12

What are the hosts of alaria canis and alaria marcianae?

Answer 12

Dog (A. Canis) and cats (A. Marcianae)

Question 13

Alaria species characteristics

Answer 13

Eggs: large, multicellular with single operculum
Body: large with hind body and forebody

Question 14

Where are alaria species located?

Answer 14

Small intestine

Question 15

Why are the prepatent period and lifecycle of alaria canis and alaria marcianae?

Answer 15

3 weeks
Indirect

Question 16

What are the intermediate hosts of A. canis and A. marcianae?

Answer 16

Snail- miracidium enters snail and develops to Cercaria
Tadpole- Cercaria in tadpole develops to infective mesocercaria

Question 17

Infective stage of A. canis and A. marcianae

Answer 17

Definitive host infected by eating a tadpole with the Mesocercaria or paratenic host
Mesocercaria becomes a metacercaria in lungs before reaching intestines of definitive host
Adult flukes pass egg in feces that don’t contain a miracidium

Question 18

T/F: A. marcianae can be transmitted transmammary

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Clinical signs of A. canis and A. marcianae

Answer 19

Enteritis and lung inflammation with bleeding

Question 20

How do you diagnose A. canis and A. marcianae?

Answer 20

Fecal sedimentation
Acid acetate sedimentation

Question 21

Treatment and prevention of A. canis and A. marcianae

Answer 21

Praziquantel
Restrict from eating tadpoles or paratenic hosts that may ingest tadpoles (frogs, rodent, etc.)

Question 22

What e the hosts and location of Platynosomum fastosum?

Answer 22

Cats
Bile and pancreatic ducts

Question 23

Characteristics of Platynosomum fastosum

Answer 23

Body: small flukes (<1 cm long)
Eggs: with a meracidium and a single operculum

Question 24

Distribution of Platynosomum fastosum

Answer 24

Southern US and Carribean

Question 25

Lifecycle of Platynosomum fastosum

Answer 25

Indirect Cats become infected by eating paratenic host containing Metacercaria

Question 26

Intermediate hosts of Platynosomum fastosum

Answer 26

Snail- Miracidium in eggs develops to Cercaria in snail Pill bug- 2nd intermediate host containing the infective Metacercaria is eaten by paratenic host (lizard)

Question 27

Clinical signs of Platynosomum fastosum

Answer 27

Hepatic dysfunction Heavy infection may be fatal *Lizard poisoning in cats*

Question 28

How do toy diagnose Platynosomum fastosum?

Answer 28

Fecal sedimentation

Question 29

How do you treat Platynosomum fastosum?

Answer 29

Praziquantel Restrict from eating paratenic hosts (lizards, toads)

Question 30

What are two species of Schistosomatidae (blood flukes)?

Answer 30

Schistosoma and Heterobilharzia

Question 31

Characteristics of Schistosoma and Heterobilharzia

Answer 31

Male and female sexes Nematode-like round- bodied worms

Question 32

Why are the host and infective stage of Schistosoma and Heterobilharzia?

Answer 32

Dogs (horse) Cercaria

Question 33

Pathogenicity/ clinical signs of Schistosoma and Heterobilharzia

Answer 33

Causes disease in the liver and intestinal wall leading to vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss

Question 34

How do you diagnose and treat Schistosoma and Heterobilharzia

Answer 34

Fecal sedimentation Praziquantel