Trench Warfare + Weapons

Question 1

Trenches

Answer 1

Long, narrow cut of ground 2 metres deep in a zig-zag pattern

Question 2

Trench Warfare

Answer 2

Two opposing sides of trenches with no-man’s land in between. Often, one side would pummel artillery on the other side and then rush them to try and gain land.

Question 3

‘Going over the Top’

Answer 3

Soldiers going out of their trench and into no-man’s land to try and gain land (to advance). Soldiers often died due to being out in the open and vulnerable to attack.

Question 4

Ross Rifle

Answer 4

• Highly accurate, highly unreliable (due to getting jammed in dirt. ex. trenches)
• Discontinued general use in 1916, but snipers continued to use it

Question 5

Bayonets

Answer 5

• Knife attached to end of rifle
• Used for close combat

Question 6

Machine Guns

Answer 6

• Up to 600 rounds per min
• Takes 4-6 people to use it

Question 7

Artillery

Answer 7

• Bombardment before attacks to soften defense
• Shells create shrapnel

Question 8

Creeping/Rolling Barrage

Answer 8

• Moving bombardment followed by soldiers advancing/attacking

Question 9

Poison gas (three types).

Answer 9

• Comes from cylinders or special artillery shells

Chlorine gas:
- Green smoke, pepper/pineapple smell
- Reacts with water to form acid in lungs
- Stopped by wet rag

Phosgene gas:
- Colourless, odourless
- Liquifies internal organs

Mustard gas
- Yellow fog
- Skin blistering, internal bleeding, eye burning
- Slow/painful death
- Can’t be stopped by gas masks

Question 10

Tanks

Answer 10

• Originally called ‘landships’
• Used to plow through barbed wire/obstacles, and as spearhead
• Slow and unreliable

Question 11

War at Air vs. Sea

Answer 11

Air:
- Outside WW1, Canada had no planes/pilots, so people had to go to Britain to train
- Lifespan of pilot was 3 weeks due to no parachute and dogfights (being shot down by another plane)

Sea:
- Outside WW1, at beginning only 2 ships, at end 100.
- Main style of boat = U-boat
- Canada shipped food/weapons to Triple Entente

Ex. German navy = submarines, British navy = convoys (grouped ships)