Trends in the Periodic table Flashcards
(27 cards)
Definition of period
Row in the Periodic Table
Definition of group
Column in the Periodic Table
How many groups are there in the Periodic Table ?
8 groups
What happens to the following, as we go across the periods from left to right?
a) number of protons
b) number of electrons
number of protons - increase
number of electrons - increase
What does the period number tell about an atom?
The period number specifies how many shells do an atom have.
What does the group number tell us about an atom?
The group number specifies the number of electrons in its atom of an element.
In which group is each of these elements found? Sulfur- Nitrogen- Bromine- Argon-
Sulfur- Group 6
Nitrogen- Group 5
Bromine- Group 7
Argon- Group 8
In which period is each of these elements found? Helium- Beryllium- Sulfur- Calcium-
Helium- Period 1
Beryllium- Period 2
Sulfur- Period 3
Calcium- Period 4
Explain how the structure relates to sulfur’s position in the Period Table.
Sulfur’s position in the Period 3 and Group 6 so sulfur’s atom has 3 shells and 6 electrons in its outermost shell.
What are elements in Group 1 called?
Alkaline Metals
Write the word equation for the reaction of potassium with water.
Potassium + Water —> Potassium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
Write properties of the metals in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
- They are soft solids.
- They have low melting points and low densities.
- They are highly reactive and are stored in oil.
Describe the trend in reactivity of the Group 1 elements as we move down in a group.
The reactivity of Group 1 metals increase as you go down in the group.
Which element is the most reactive and least reactive with water in Group 1?
Most reactive- Caesium
Least Reactive- Lithium
Describe the trend in the melting points and the boiling points of Group 1 elements.
They all have relatively low melting points which decreases as you move down the Group due to decreasing electrostatic forces.
Cesium is in Period 6 in Group 1. Would you expect cesium to have a higher or lower melting point than rubidium? Give a reason for your answer.
I think that cesium will have low melting point than rubidium as cesium is in Period 6 in Group 1 and rubidium is in Period 5 in Group 1. And, as melting and boiling points decreases as you move down in Group 1.
What are the elements in Group 7 also called as?
Halogens/Halides
What is formed when Group 7 elements are dissolved in water?
Acid
Write one use of elements of Group 7.
Doctors wash their hands before an operation as it destroys any viruses on their hands
Write a word equation for the reaction of hydrogen and fluorine.
Hydrogen + Fluorine —-> Hydrogen Fluoride
What will happen if chlorine and hydrogen are exposed to sunlight?
Chlorine and hydrogen will explode if they are exposed to sunlight.
Astatine is the element below iodine in Group 7. Would you expect astatine to be more or less reactive than iodine? Give a reason for your answer.
Astatine will be less reactive than iodine because as we go down in Group 7 the reactivity decreases.
What are the elements in Group 8 also called as?
Noble Gases
What is observed when electricity is passed through Group 8 elements?
The group 8 elements emit coloured light when electricity is passed through them.
