Trends of properties Flashcards
What is atomic size?
Distance from the nucleus to the outermost shell (valence shell).
What is the trend of atomic size in a period and a group?
Across a period → Decreases, Down a group → Increases
What is shielding effect?
Inner electrons reduce the effective nuclear pull on valence electrons.
Trend of shielding effect?
Across a period → Slight increase, Down a group → Increases
What is electronegativity?
Ability of an atom to attract shared electrons in a bond.
Trend of electronegativity?
Across a period → Increases, Down a group → Decreases
What is electropositivity?
Tendency of an atom to donate electrons.
Trend of electropositivity?
Across a period → Decreases, Down a group → Increases
What is ionization energy?
Minimum energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom in gaseous state.
Trend of ionization energy?
Across a period → Increases, Down a group → Decreases
What is electron affinity?
Energy released when an atom gains an electron.
Trend of electron affinity?
Across a period → Becomes more negative, Down a group → Becomes less negative
What is metallic character?
Tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions (cations).
Trend of metallic character?
Across a period → Decreases, Down a group → Increases
What is non-metallic character?
Tendency to gain electrons and form negative ions (anions).
Trend of non-metallic character?
Across a period → Increases, Down a group → Decreases
How does reactivity vary in metals and nonmetals?
Metals: Reactivity increases down a group; Non-metals: Reactivity increases up a group
