Tri B - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 1

Transport of nutrients
Pump blood around body
Removal of waste

Question 2

What are the 2 components of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 2

Pleural cavities
Mediastinum

Question 3

Describe the Mediastinum

Answer 3

A space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures

Question 4

Describe the size and location of the heart

Answer 4

300g and fist sized
1.5cm left of midsagittal plane

Question 5

Describe the heart

Answer 5

4 chambers - 2 atria, 2 ventricles
4 valves - Tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, aortic
Right side - from heart to lungs
Left side - from heart to body

Question 6

Describe the shape and orientation of the heart

Answer 6

Upside down pyramid
Apex points inferiorly
Base lies posterior at T6-T9

Question 7

Name the 5 surfaces of the heart

Answer 7

Anterior
Posterior
Diaphragmatic
Right Pulmonary
Left Pulmonary

Question 8

Name the Great Vessels

Answer 8

Superior and inferior vena cava
Right and left brachiocephalic veins
Pulmonary trunk
Right and left pulmonary veins
Arch of aorta

Question 9

Name the 3 branches of the Arch of Aorta

Answer 9

Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

Question 10

Describe a simple structure and functions of the pericardium

Answer 10

Tough encapsulating sac
2 layers - fibrous and serous
2 sinuses: transverse and oblique
Functions:
Attachment, lubrication, protection

Question 11

Describe the fibrous layer of the pericardium

Answer 11

Dense and loose connective tissue
Very strong
Sternopericardial ligaments attach to diaphragm

Question 12

Describe the serous layer of the pericardium

Answer 12

Parietal - fused with fibrous outer layer, secretes fluid
Visceral - Serous lining (epicardium)
Epicardium - outer 3 layers of heart

Question 13

Name and describe the 3 layers of the heart wall

Answer 13

Epicardium - outer
Myocardium - Middle, thickest, cardiac muscle, pumps blood
Endocardium - smooth, prevents blood sticking
- lies with trabeculae carnae

Question 14

Describe the structure of the inner heart

Answer 14

2 x atria
2 x ventricles
Great vessels - vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery
4x valves - tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, aortic
Ventricles separated by interventricular septum

Question 15

What is the function of valves within the heart?

Answer 15

Allow passage of blood
Prevent backflow of blood

Question 16

Where do the valves lie?

Answer 16

Tricuspid - Between right atrium and ventricle
Mitral - Between left atrium and ventricle
Pulmonary - Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Aortic - Between left ventricle and aorta

Question 17

How many “leaflets” do the tricuspid and mitral valves have?

Answer 17

Tricuspid - 3
Mitral - 2

Question 18

What is a node?

Answer 18

Specialised tissue, both muscle and a nerve

Question 19

Describe the location and function of the Sinoatrial node

Answer 19

Location - right atrium
Function - sends pulses that cause the heart to contract - pacemaker

Question 20

Describe the location and function of the Atrioventricular node

Answer 20

Location - septum
Function - gathers impulse, delays second contraction for ventricles