TRIAL EXAM PREP - ATOMS & PERIODIC TABLE

Question 1

State how many different types of elements there are

Answer 1

Around 100

Question 2

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid

Answer 2

Random arrangement

Question 3

State how large the nucleus of an atom is relative to its radius

Answer 3

Approximately 1/10000th the size of

Question 4

Name the type of process in which mixtures are separated into their compounds

Answer 4

Physical process

Question 5

Describe the motion of particles in a solid

Answer 5

They vibrate without changing position

Question 6

Explain why atoms have an overall neutral charge

Answer 6

Protons are positive and electrons are negative
Atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons
So the charges sum to zero

Question 7

State what Chadwick discovered

Answer 7

The neuron

Question 8

Explain why Mendeleev put some elements in groups and changed the weight based order

Answer 8

To group the elements based on their properties

Question 9

Describe at least 2 features of the Bohr model of atom

Answer 9

Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances
Atoms have a positive nucleus
Mass is concentrated in the nucleus
Atoms are mostly empty

Question 10

Name 2 characteristics of atoms proved by the gold foil experiment

Answer 10

The mass of an atom is concentrated in a nucleus
The nucleus has a positive charge

Question 12

Give the electron configuration of carbon

Answer 12

2.4

Question 13

Describe what happens when opposite charges come into contact

Answer 13

They attract

Question 14

Name the change of state from a gas to liquid

Answer 14

Condensing

Question 15

State the information provided by the mass number of an atom

Answer 15

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Question 16

In the modern atomic model, name the subatomic particles found in the nucleus

Answer 16

Protons and neutrons

Question 17

Give the two ways in which elements are ordered in the modern periodic table

Answer 17

First by their atomic number, then in groups based on their properties

Question 18

Give the electronic configuration of lithium

Answer 18

2.1

Question 19

Name the change of state from a liquid to solid

Answer 19

Freezing

Question 20

State why the periodic table is called the periodic table

Answer 20

Similar properties occur at regular intervals

Question 21

State how compounds can be separated into elements

Answer 21

By chemical reactions

Question 22

Describe the motion of particles in a liquid

Answer 22

They flow over one another

Question 23

Describe isotopes

Answer 23

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Question 24

Explain why Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table

Answer 24

For undiscovered elements

Question 25

State how a mixture of a solid and a liquid can be separated

Answer 25

Filtration

Question 26

Name the four main historical models of the atom in chronological order

Answer 26

Dalton Plum Pudding Nuclear Bohr

Question 27

State how a mixture of liquid with similar boiling points can be separated

Answer 27

Fractional distillation

Question 28

Describe the motion of particles in a gas

Answer 28

They are in constant random motion - in random directions, with a range of speeds

Question 29

Describe the information about electronic structure provided by an element’s group in the Periodic Table

Answer 29

How many electrons an atom has in the outer shell

Question 30

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas

Answer 30

Random arrangement

Question 31

Name the discovery that led to scientists moving from the Dalton model to the plum pudding model

Answer 31

The discovery of the electron

Question 32

State the information provided by the atomic number of an atom

Answer 32

The number of protons plus

Question 33

Define element

Answer 33

A substance that is made of one type of atom only

Question 34

Abundance

Answer 34

The percentages of atoms in a sample that are a particular isotope

Question 35

State the relative charges of the 3 subatomic particles

Answer 35

Proton = +1 Electron = -1 Neutron = 0

Question 36

Give the electronic configuration of sulfur

Answer 36

2.8.6

Question 37

State how compounds are formed

Answer 37

By chemical reactions

Question 38

Describe what happens when like charges come into contact

Answer 38

They repel

Question 39

State the number of electrons that can go in the first shell

Answer 39

2

Question 40

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid

Answer 40

Regular arrangement

Question 41

Explain why Mendeleev’s Periodic Table was eventually accepted by other scientists

Answer 41

Elements were discovered which filled the gaps and matched the properties he predicted

Question 42

Describe the information about electronic structure provided by an element’s period in the periodic table

Answer 42

How many shells an atom has in the

Question 43

State how a mixture of 2 liquid with very different boiling points can be separated

Answer 43

Distillation

Question 44

State the number of electrons that can go in the second and third shells

Answer 44

8

Question 45

What state of matter is the densest : solid, liquid or gas?

Answer 45

Solid

Question 46

State the relative masses of the 3 subatomic particles

Answer 46

Proton = 1 Electron = very small Neutron = 1

Question 47

State what caused scientists to move from one model of the atom to another

Answer 47

Experimental evidence

Question 48

Define mixture

Answer 48

Two or more elements or compounds together, but not chemically combined

Question 49

State the overall charge of an atom

Answer 49

0 - neutral

Question 50

Describe the difference between the mass number and relative atomic mass

Answer 50

Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in one atom Relative atomic mass is an average value that takes account of isotopes

Question 51

State how the number of neutron in an atom is calculated

Answer 51

Mass number - atomic number

Question 52

Give the electronic configuration of neon

Answer 52

2.8

Question 53

Name the change of state from liquid to gas

Answer 53

Boiling

Question 54

Before Mendeleev, describe how scientists ordered the elements

Answer 54

By their atomic weights

Question 55

Name the 3 subatomic particles

Answer 55

Protons, electrons and neutrons

Question 56

Define compound

Answer 56

A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined

Question 57

Name the change of state from solid to liquid

Answer 57

Melting

Question 58

Describe at least 2 features of the Dalton model of the atom

Answer 58

Atoms are indivisible Atoms are spherical Atoms contain no charged particles Mass is spread out across the atom

Question 59

State how the different components of ink can be separated

Answer 59

Chromatography

Question 60

Give the technical definition of an atom

Answer 60

The smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 61

State the approximate radius of a typical atom

Answer 61

Approximately 0.1nm

Question 62

Describe at least 2 features of the nuclear model of the atom

Answer 62

Atoms have a positive nucleus Mass is concentrated in the nucleus Electrons orbit the nucleus Atoms are mostly empty space

Question 63

Describe at least 2 features of the plum pudding model of the atom

Answer 63

Positive charge is spread out across the atom Mass is spread out across the atom Atoms have no empty space Negative electrons are embedded in the atom

Question 64

Name the three main states of matter

Answer 64

Solid, liquid and gas

Question 65

Give the electronic configuration of potassium

Answer 65

2.8.8.1

Question 66

State how a solution can be separated to obtain a solid

Answer 66

Crystallisation