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Anatomy unit 4 > Triangles of neck > Flashcards

Triangles of neck Flashcards

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1
Q

2 types of fascia and differences or key charactristics

A

Superficial: Immediately deep to skin/subcutaneous tissue, comprised of loose connective tissue and fat, contains platysma in neck
Deep: Deep to superficial fascia, dense, organized connective tissue, no fat, covers most body structures(muscles/organs)

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2
Q

Where does platysma originate and insert(generally), and what is it innervated by?

A

From fascia above pec major and clavicle to lateral neck and onto mandible
- Very variable- changes per person where starts and ends
-Innervated by CN 7 (facial n).

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3
Q

Innervation of Platysma

A

CN 7 (facial n)

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4
Q

Why is it important to isolate different triangles of neck

A

if you have an infection in one area, prevents it from getting to other areas
- Specifically, neck connects to mediastinum (heart, esophagus, trachea)

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5
Q

What are the deep fascia of the neck

A

Investing
Pre-Tracheal
- Visceral, muscular, and buccoparyngeal
Carotid sheath
Alar fascia
Prevertebral fascia

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6
Q

What does investing fascia sourround

A

Trapezius and SCM

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7
Q

What does pretracheal fascia sourround

A

Visceral: Thyroid, trachea, esophagus
Muscular: Wraps infrahyoid muscle
Buccopharyngeal: Sourrounds pharynx posteriorly

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8
Q

What does carotid sheath sourround

A

Column of fascia that sourrounds Common carotid a, Internal carotid artery, Internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve

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9
Q

What does Alar fascia sourround

A

Anterior layer of prevertebral fascia, runs behind buccopharyngeal fascia

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10
Q

What does prevertebral fascia sourround

A

Sourrounds prevertebral and deep back muscles

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11
Q

Where is pretracheal space(between what)
Where do infections spread here?

A

Between trachea and infrahyoid muscle
- From thyroid cartilage to anterior mediastinum
Infections here can spread between these 2 regions (infection of thyroid cartilage can go to anterior mediastinum (thymus)).

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12
Q

What is the “danger”space

A

Prevertebral space

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13
Q

Where does the Prevertebral space run

A

DANGER zone
Between alar and prevertebral fascia
Infections can spread from scull base down to posterior mediastinum ( has thoracic duct, azygous, sympathetic chain)
Common place for inferior spread of infections.
Eating food that cuts through pharynx can go down into this space

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14
Q

Which muscles is the carotid sheath between

A

Between SCM and prevertebral muscle

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15
Q

What is the carotid sheath formed by

A

Condensations of deep cervical fascia

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16
Q

What does the carotid sheath encase

A

Carotid artery, Internal jugular veins, vagus nerves

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17
Q

Where do infections in the carotid sheath spread

A

From skull to middle mediastinum (heart)

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18
Q

If you have an infection in the middle mediastinum, where is it possible this began?

A

Carotid sheath (base of skull) can run to mid mediastinum

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19
Q

If you have an infection in your anterior mediastinum, where is it possible this began?

A

In your thyroid cartilage in the pretracheal space (runs thyroid to anterior mediastinum)

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20
Q

If you have an infection in your posterior mediastinum, what space is it possible this started in

A

The prevertebral space (runs from skull base to post mediastinum)

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21
Q

What is the Retropharyngeal space and what is it inbetween

A

Between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia
From scull base to superior mediastinum

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22
Q

If you have an infection in the superior mediastinum, where is it possible this began?

A

In the skull base in the retropharyngeal space

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23
Q

Where is zone 1 of the neck

A

Thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

Where is zone 2 in the neck

A

Cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible

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25
Where is zone 3 in the neck
Angle of mandible to base of scull
26
Which muscle seperates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
SCM
27
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle
Anterior: posterior border of SCM Posterior: Anterior border of trapezius Base: Clavicle Contents: IJV, Roots of brachial plexus, accessory nerve, cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes
28
Which vein is anterior to the SCM
External jugular vein
29
Which vein is posterior to the SCM
Internal jugular vein
30
Which muscle sits inbetwen the Interior and External jugular vein
SCM
31
Which nerve goes through the parotid gland
Facial nerve (cervical branch of facial nerve descends on anterior neck over anterior triangle)
32
Which superficial cutaneous nerve runs ascending directly inferior to posterior of the ear
Great auricular (C2-C3)
33
In the posterior triangle of the neck, describe the 5 superficial cutaneous nerves and where they travel
2 go up, 3 go down Up: 1. Lesser occipital (C2) 2. Great auricular (C2-3) Down: 1. Lateral supraclavicular (C3-C4). 2. Intermediate supraclavicular (C3-C4) 3. Medial supraclavicular (C3-C4) The Transverse cervical also originates at Erb's point, but travels transverse-anteriorly.
34
Where do all of the superficial nerves in the posterior triangle of the neck originate from
Erb's point (Posterior to SCM in the posterior triangle)
35
Which foramen does the accessory nerve (CN 11) emerge from
jugular foramen
36
Which nerve emerges from the jugular foramen
Accessory nerve (CN 11)
37
Which nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius
Accessory nerve
38
Which muscles does the Accessory nerve innervate
SCM and Trapezius
39
Which fascia does the accessory nerve run deep to
investing fascia
40
Which nerve descends vertically along the anterior scalene muscle
Phrenic nerve (c3-C5)
41
Which 2 arteries cross the phrenic nerve anteriorly
transverse cervical a and suprascapular a
42
What structures are on either side of the phrenic nerve as it enters the thorax
Phrenic nerve enters thorax between the subclavian artery and vein
43
What does the phrenic nerve travel along to supply the diaphragm
The pericardial sac
44
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm
Phrenic n
45
Describe where vagus vs phrenic nerves are
Both run vertically down neck Vagus is inside carotid sheath between carotid artery and carotid vein, phrneic is on top of anterior scalene (not in carotid sheath) Vagus is slightly more anteriorly
46
What is inside the carotid sheath
Carotid a/v, vagus nerve between
47
Which nerves run deep to the anterior scalene muscle
Brachial plexus (between anterior and middle sxalene muscle)
48
The brachial plexus runs between which 2 muscles in the anterior triangle of the neck
Anterior and middle scalene
49
Which muscle does the accessory nerve run on top of
Levator scapulae
50
How are scalene muscles classified and when are they activated
They are secondary muscles of respiration, activated when we take a deep breath
51
Boundaries of anterior triangle
Anterior: Midline of neck Posterior: Anterior border of SCM Base: Mandible on either side
52
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle
Inferior: Hyoid bone Lateral (right): Anterior belly of digastric Lateral (Left): Anterior belly of digastric
53
Contents of submental triangle
Mylohyoid, submental lymph nodes
54
Which muscle and lymph nodes are in the submental triangle
Submental lymph nodes, mylohyoid muscle
55
What are the borders of the submandibular (digastric) triangle
Superior: Inferior border of mandible Anterior/Inf: Anterior belly of Digastric Posterior/inf: Posterior belly of digastric
56
Contents of Submandibular/Digastric triangle
Submandibular gland, Submandibular lymph nodes, Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve (CN 7), Hypoglossal nerve ( CN 12), Mylohyoid n.(off mandibular branch of trigeminal), Facial artery and vein
57
Which triangle is the submandibular gland in
Submandibular (digastric triangle)
58
Borders of muscular triangle
Anterior: Midline of neck Inferoposterior: Anterior margin of SCM Posterosuperior: Superior belly of omohyoid
59
Contents of muscular triangle
Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
60
Viscera in muscular triangle
Thyroid and parathyroid glands, trachea and esophagus, common carotid/internal jugular v
61
Carotid triangle borders
Superior: Stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric Posterior: Anterior border of scm Anterioinferior:Superior belly of omohyoid
62
Contents of carotid triangle
Nerves: Accessory (CN 11), Vagus (CN 10), Hypoglossal (CN 12), Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3), Laryngeal (CN 10 branches). (10+ laryngeal branches, 11, 12, C1-C3) Arteries: Common, internal, external carotid arteries, 6 branches of external carotid (3 internal, 3 external) Veins: All draining into IJV
63
Is external jugular vein anterior or posterior triangle
posterior
64
Which vein drains most of the face
Retromandibular vein
65
Which veins form the retromandibular vein
Superficial temporal (superior) and maxillary vein (face)
66
What makes up the anterior division of the retromandibular vein/ which vein does this drain into
Anterior division+facial vein =common facial vein, drains into internal jugular vein
67
What makes up the posterior division of the retromandibular vein/what does it drain into
Posterior division+posterior auricular vein= drain into external jugular vein
68
Which veins drain into external jugular vein
Posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein
69
What veins drain into the internal jugular vein
Anterior division of retromandibular vein and facial vein (form common facial vein and then go into internal jugular)
70
Which veins run superficially on top of the SCM and where do they come from
External jugular vein run superficially, Posterior division and posterior auricular make up EJ
71
If you have an infection in the face, how does it travel to the brain?
Could travel via retromandibular vein
72
Where does the transverse cervical nerve start and where does it supply superficial cutaneous innervation
Arises from erb's point and travels anteriorly- supples skin of anterior cervical neck and lateral neck
73
Where does C1 go of the cervical plexus/ansa cervicalis
Joins the hypoglossal nerve and travels with it, and then splits off to let superior root join with inferior root that arose from C2/C3
74
Where do C2/C3 from the cervical plexus ansa cervicalis go
C2/C3 (anterior rami) make inverior root that joins superior root
75
What is the relationship between vagus and ansa cervicalis descending from the head?
The vagus nerve runs inside of the sheath The ansa cervicalis runs on top of the sheath
76
Which muscle does the phrenic nerve run on top of in the anterolateral neck
anterior scalene
77
Where does the common carotid artery arise from on the L and R side
R side: Branch of brachiocephalic trunk L side: Branch of aortic arch
78
What does the common carotid split into and where do those branches go?
Internal carotid: Towards brain and to circle of willis External carotid: Many branches that go different places (3 anterior, 3 posterior)
79
What are the 3 anterior external carotid arteries and where do they go
Superior Thyroid- to thyroid gland Lingual- to tongue Facial-to mandible
80
What are the 3 posterior external carotid arteries
Ascending pharyngeal occipital posterior auricular
81
What does external carotid a terminate as
Superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery
82
Which nerve runs on top of the lingual artery
Hypoglossal crosses from posterior over it to go to anterior face
83
The external carotid artery branches are deep to which muscles
Deep to stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric
84
What groups of muscles does the hyoid bone seperate
The suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles
85
What are the suprahyoid muscles
Stylohyoid digastric mylohyoid geniohyoid
86
What are the infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid sternohyoid thyrohyoid sternothyroid
87
What are the right and left lobes of the thyroid connected by
isthmus
88
Which lobe of the thyroid extends superiorly from isthmus
pyramidal lobe
89
Where are the parathyroid glands in relation to the thyroid gland
4 glands within the posterior surface of the thyroid
90
Where does R recurrent laryngeal nerve run
Under Right subclavian artery and ascends to Right lobe of thyroid
91
Where does the L recurrent laryngeal nerve run
Loops under aortic arch and up to L thyroid lobe
92
What nerve do the R and L recurrent laryngeal nerves arise from
from Vagus nerve - R goes under subclavian to R thyroid gland - L goes under aortic arch to L thyroid gland
93
If you are looking from the anterior side, are you able to see the L or R recurrent laryngeal nerve
Can see the Right side- Vagus nerve loops in front of aortic arch and when it splits it gives off branch Left side is posterior to internal jugular and subclavian
94
Where does vertebral artery cross a foramen
Enters transverse foramen of C6 and superior Runs posterior to vertebral vein and deep in the neck
95
Which structure runs directly posterior to the vertebral vein
Vertebral artery
96
Which structure arises from the subclavian artery prior to the thyrocervical trunk
the vertebral artery
97
What is the sympathetic chain located inbetween
Anterior to prevertebral muscle, posterior to cervical viscera
98
What are the 3 sympathetic ganglia found in cervical region
Superior cervical ganglion- anterior to longus capitis muscle middle cervical ganglion- posterior to thyroid gland cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion ( inside thoracic inlet
99
Which sympathetic ganglion is anterior to longus capitus
superior cervical
99
which sympathetic ganglion is posterior to thyroid gland
middle cervical
100
which sympathetic ganglion is inside the thoracic inlet
cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion
101
Which structure is the superior cervical ganglion in relation to
anterior to longus capitus m
102
which structure is middle cervical ganglion in relation to
sits posterior to thyroid gland
103
which structure is cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion in relationship to
inside of thoracic inlet

Anatomy unit 4 (5 decks)

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