Trigger 5: T1D and insulitis Flashcards Preview

(1-5) Translational Medical Science > Trigger 5: T1D and insulitis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Trigger 5: T1D and insulitis Deck (32)
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1
Q

Insulitis is the

A

manifestation of the autoimmune attack against beta cells

2
Q

Insulitis is a

A

hallmark of T1D

3
Q

insulitis is characterised by

A

the presence of immune and inflammatory cells within the pancreatic islets

4
Q

definition of insulitis

A

the presence of a predominately lymphocytic (B and T cells) infiltration of the islets of langerhans.

  • consists of at least 15 CD45+ cells
  • present in a minimum of three islets
5
Q

while both T and B cells are reported in insulitis lesions, which cells are the predominant population

A

cytotoxic CD8 T cells

6
Q

CD8 T cells are though to target B cells which

A

express elevated levels of HLA class I molecule e.g. MHC 1

7
Q

hyper expression of MHC I (HLA class I molecule)

A

may be associated with viral infections implicated in the development of t1DM

8
Q

when a CD8 T cells recognises a B cell over expressing MHC 1receptors

A

cytotoxic killing via apoptosis

9
Q

hyper expression of HLA molecules is another

A

key feature in the pathology of T1D- represents chronic inflammatory state

10
Q

immune cells infiltrate islets in a

A

non-uniform fashion

11
Q

when lymphocytes infiltrate

A

decrease in Beta cells mass and lesions in pancreas

12
Q

which immune cells ae present wishing insulitis infilitration

A
  • CD8 (which do killing)
  • CD4 (in lesser amounts)
  • CD20 B cells
  • CD68+ macrohages
13
Q

what is a marker stain for all lymphoctes

A

CD45

14
Q

CD68 is a

A

glycoprotein found on the surface of macrophages

15
Q

CD20 is a

A

glycoprotein found on the surface of B cells

16
Q

CD4 is a

A

glycoprotein found on the surface of T helper cells

17
Q

CD8 is a

A

glycoprotein found on the surface of cytoxic T cells

18
Q

CD45

A

a marker for all lymphocytes

19
Q

HLA class 1 molecules is a

A

genome complex which encodes MHC I

20
Q

HLA class 2 molecules is a

A

genome complex which encodes MHC II

21
Q

immunostains targets

A

CD glycoproteins e.g. CD8/ CD4

22
Q

which types of cells are present in the highest concentration in T1D

A

CD8 T cells

23
Q

which cells are present the lowest conc in T1D

A

CD4 t cells

24
Q

as insulin content decreases

A

mean number of immune cells increases and then at a set point decreases to 0

25
Q

once insulin is gone

A

immune cells go back to where they came from 9therefore present in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes)

26
Q

both …. are involved in b cell destruction

A

by themselves- not strong enough

27
Q

insulin-speciifc autoantibodies (produced by bc els)

A

are present in children with T1D before the age of 5

28
Q

islet autoantibodies are

A

a differential diagnosis marker for T1D

29
Q

IAAs arise from

A

auto reactive B cells and CD4 T cell iteraction

30
Q

CD4 T cells and other immune cells

A

provide “help” to B cells and stimulate antibody production, as well as promote responses by effector CD8 T cells, and stimulate islet-resident macrophages.

31
Q

auto reactive CD4 T cells

A
  • represent an active area of research and clinical interest for therapies. Developing antigen-specific tolerance-promoting methods to inhibit autoreactive CD4 T cells is an idea
32
Q

CD45

A

CD45 (lymphocyte common antigen) is a receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed on all leucocytes