TRIM Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Psychology greek meaning
A
psyche -> soul
logos -> to study
2
Q
William James
A
Father of American psychology
3
Q
William James landmark
A
the principles of psychology
4
Q
Psychology
A
scientific study of the mind
5
Q
Mind
A
inner experience of thoughts, perceptions, memories and feelings
6
Q
Behavior
A
things that we do in the world
7
Q
WJ 1st question “basics of perceptions, thoughts, etc”
A
Subjective experiences arise from electrical and chemical activities in the brain
8
Q
WJ 2nd question “Mind usually allows to function in the world”
A
form follows function, to know how something works we need to know what it’s working for
9
Q
perception
A
allows us to recognize things
10
Q
language
A
allows us to communicate thoughts
11
Q
memory
A
allows us not to keep repeating the same thing over and over again
12
Q
emotions
A
allows us to react quickly in a life or death event
13
Q
Case of Elliot
A
Man who had a tumor, after surgery he had a problem making easy decisions. His frontal lobe, which is in charge of decision making, was damaged
14
Q
WJ 3rd question “mind function ineffectively”
A
mind is not perfect, errors help us learn more about it
15
Q
Psychology Views
A
nativism and philosophical empiricism
16
Q
nativism
A
nature, we are born with certain knowledge
17
Q
philosophical empiricism
A
nurture, Aristotle’s tabula rasa “blank slate”, we gain knowledge as we grow up
18
Q
The problem of Dualism
A
how mental activity can be reconciled with physical behavior
19
Q
René Descartes
A
mind and body are different but one influences the other through the Pineal Gland
20
Q
Thomas Hobbes
A
Mind and body are the same thing
21
Q
Franz Joseph Gall
A
Mind and body are influenced by size rather than by a gland
22
Q
Phrenology
A
Specialization of the brain
23
Q
Marie Jean Pierre
A
surgically removed parts of the brain from animals and learned that their actions and movements are different than those with a fully intact brain
24
Q
Joseph Broca
A
mind and body are connected, damage to the brain impairs a specific mental function
25
Broca's area
Language production
26
Wernicke's area
Language comprehension
27
Psychology schools
structuralism and functionalism
28
Structuralism
founded by Wilhelm Wundt, first school of psychology, seeks to understand social reality through introspection (looking inward)
29
Functionalism
founded by William James, focuses on physical behavior and reactions
30
Hernan Von Helmholtz
researched on frogs, stimulus (input from one's environment) and reaction time (time it takes to react to the stimuli)
31
Wilhelm Wundt
founded the first lab of psychology in the university of Leipzig, Germany. Psychology should be focused on analyzing consciousness
32
Edward B Titchener
Wundt's student, founded a laboratory at Cornell University, USA
33
Stanley Hall
founded the American Journal of Psychology, first president of the American Psychological association, first psychology laboratory in America in Johns Hopkins University
34
Nervous system
is the one in charge of maintaining internal order within the body
35
primary organization of the nervous system
CNS (Central nervous system) and PNS (Peripheral nervous system)
36
components of the CNS
brain and spinal cord. brain is main control part of the nervous system
37
components of the PNS
nerves that reside outside of our brain and the spinal cord. they replay information between your brain and the rest of your body
38
PNS divided into
ANS (autonomic nervous system) and SNS (somatic nervous system)
39
ANS (autonomic nervous system)
nerves that are connected to the visceral organs and it is involved in involuntary actions
40
SNS (somatic nervous system)
nerves that go to the skin and muscles, involved in voluntary activities
41
ANS divided into
SNS (sympathetic nervous system) PSNS (parasympathetic nervous system)
42
SNS (sympathetic nervous system)
fight or flight response (emotional or physical threat)
43
PSNS (parasympathetic nervous system)
primarily function is to maintain long-term health and a healthy balance across all of the bodys function
44
basic unit of the nervous system
Neurons, human brain has 86 billion
45
basic parts of the neuron
Nucleus, cell body, dendrites, axon, Schwann's cells, myelin sheath, node of Ranvier, axon terminals
46
Nucleus
contains genetic material including information for cell development and synthesis of proteins necessary for cell maintenance and survival
47
Cell body
contains genetic information, maintains the neuron's structure and provides energy to drive activities
48
Dendrites
fibrous roots that branch out from the cell body. they receive and process signals from the axons or other neurons
49
Axon
where electrical impulses from the neuron travel away to be received by other neurons
50
Schwann's cells
help form the myelin sheath around the nerve fibers
51
Myelin sheath
allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells
52
Nodes of Ranvier
oversee generation of fast electrical impulses along the axon through saltatory conduction
53
Axon terminal
generation of a fast electrical impulse along the axon, this rapid rate of conduction is calles saltatory conduction
54
What is action potential
brief changes in the voltage across the membrane due to the flow of certain ions into and out of the neuron
55
types of neurons
Structurally (multipolar, bipolar and unipolar) and functionally (sensory, motor and interneurons)
56
Neurotransmitters
their job is to carry chemical signals from one neuron to the next target cell
57
Cerebral Hemispheres
Left (speech, comprehension, arithmetic and writing) and Right (creativity, spatial ability, artistic and musical skills)
58
Brain Lobes
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital
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Frontal
highest levels of human thinking and behavior
60
Parietal
takes in sensory information and helps individuals understand their position in their environment
61
Temporal
has strong links with visual memory, language and emotion
62
Occipital
proceses visual input from the eyes
63
Brain structures
Prefrontal cortex, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Amygdala, Brain Stem, Cerebellum and Hippocampus
64
Prefrontal cortex
- Focusing one's attention
- Impulse control
- Planning for the future
65
Hypothalamus
- Body temperature
- Blood pressure
- Sex drive
66
Pituitary Gland
Function is to produce and release several hormones that help carry out important bodily functions
67
Amygdala
- Helps coordinate responses to things in your environment
- Plays an important part in fear and anger
68
Brain Stem
- Regulate breathing
- Heart rate
- Blood pressure
69
Cerebellum
- Responsible for coordinating voluntary movements
- Motor skills
70
Hippocampus
- Helps preserve and retrieve memories
- Plays a role in how you understand the spatial dimensions of your environment
71
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
persisten and excessive worry
72
Social anxiety disorder
persons feels symptoms of anxiety in a place where they can be judged by others
73
Agoraphobia
Excessive, irrational fear of being in open or unfamiliar spaces
74
Major depressive disorder
mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest
75
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Mood disorder in women that begins in the week prior to the onset of the menstruation and subsides within the first few days of menstruation
76
Bipolar disorder
characterized by extreme mood swings
77
Schizophrenia
people interpret reality abnormally
78
obsessive-compulsive disorder
characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts that prompt the performance of rituals to calm these obsessions
79
Body dysmorphic disorder
a person spends a lot of time worrying about flaws in their appearance
80
Anorexia nervosa
persistent refusal of food, excessive fear of weight gain, refusal to maintain minimally normal body weight, disturbed perception of body image, and amenorrhea (absence of at least three menstrual periods)
81
binge eating disorder
recurring discrete periods of uncontrolled consumption of abnormally large quantities of food and by distress associated by this behavior
82
bulimia nervosa
recurring episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors (self-induced vomiting, misused of laxatives, fasting)
83
PTSD
may result when and individual lives through or witnesses an event in which he or she believes there is a threat to their life and experiences fear, terror or helplessness
84
DID
presence in one individual of two or more distinct identities or personality states that each recurrently take control of the individual's behavior. Believed to be associated with severe physical and sexual abuse, especially during childhood
85
ADHD
children may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behavior or be overly active
86
Antisocial personality disorder
characterized by impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behavior
87
Narcissistic personality behavior
people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy for other
88
Pedophilic disorder
characterized by recurring, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, behavior involving children
89
Selective mutism
anxiety disorder characterized by a person's inability to speak in certain social settings such as school, work or in the community
90
Oppositional Defiant disorder
children are uncooperative, defiant, and hostile towards peers, parents, teachers and other authority figures
91
Attachment theory
Study of how childhood experiences with our caregivers affect adulthood relationships
92
Types of attachments
Dismissive avoidant, Fearful avoidant, anxious attachment and secure attachment
