Trivia

Question 1

A bone is classified as this shape when it does not fit any other mold.

Answer 1

Irregular

Question 2

A cell that builds bone matrix has this in common with a cell that helps form skeletal muscles.

Answer 2

-blast in its name

Question 3

A hair follicle, skeletal muscle, and long bone are all considered this.

Answer 3

Organs

(Comprised of 2 or more tissue types)

Question 4

A muscle cell and neuron share this key property.

Answer 4

Excitable - communicate information rapidly, over long distances through the cell using changes in membrane potential

Question 5

A person damages their articular cartilage and later feels pain. Where is this pain likely coming from?

Answer 5

Bone

(Cartilage does not have nerves)

Question 6

An action potential is initiated following the depolarization of this location. (Can you answer for both of our electrically excitable cells?)

Answer 6

Motor end plate (muscles)
Axon hillock (nerves)

Question 7

Balance between these is key to maintaining bone density.

Answer 7

Osteoblast and osteoclast activity

Question 8

Central canals blood vessels must reach. To do so, they much pass through these.

Answer 8

Perforating canals

Question 9

Cross-bridges cycle, yet the muscle does not shorten. Why?

Answer 9

Tension does not exceed load, could also be that the muscle is overstretched to the point where there is 0 overlap
(no overlap = no shortening)

Question 10

Extracellular matrix that is made by osteoblasts, is not quite bone matrix, but is almost bone matrix is called by this name.

Answer 10

Osteoid

Question 11

For a muscle to relax, this must be undone.

Answer 11

Cross bridge needs to detach
Could also talk about removing calcium from the cytosol, change in tropomyosin position, breaking down the acetylcholine

Question 12

I die when my surroundings calcify. What am i?

Answer 12

Chondrocyte

(die by this mechanism in endochondral ossification)

Question 13

If this is unavailable, a skeletal muscle cannot shorten.

Answer 13

ATP or active sites on actin
May also put calcium, signal from motor neuron

Question 14

If this replaces a damaged tissue, the original function will be lost.

Answer 14

Scar tissue
(Fibrous dense connective tissue)

Question 15

In the absence of hairs, a person may have trouble detecting this.

Answer 15

Debris or insects

Question 16

Lifting a heavy object? Expect to recruit more of these to accomplish the job.

Answer 16

Motor units

Question 17

Muscle or neuron it matters not, depolarization always involves the movement of this.

Answer 17

Sodium ions
(Across the membrane and into the cell)

Question 18

No matter the bone, this forms its outside.

Answer 18

Perimysium (most superficial part of the bone)

Question 19

Some might describe skeletal muscle as a bundle of bundles of fibers. What wraps the bundles?

Answer 19

Epimysium (surrounds all the bundles/everything)
OR perimysium (what surrounds an individual bundle of fibers)

Question 20

The arrector pili muscles provides the “push” that this needs to get to the surface of the skin

Answer 20

Sebum

Question 21

The contraction of these cells when you are nervous makes you sweat.

Answer 21

Myoepithelial cells

(Myo - part of the name implies contraction)

Question 22

The secretions of these glands are tied to body odor.

Answer 22

Apocrine sweat glands

(Bacteria feed on these secretions and produce body odor)

Question 23

The word “power” in power stroke refers to this.

(Hint it is not ATP hydrolysis)

Answer 23

Myosin (part of thick filament) pulling actin (part of thin filament) - pulling = tension

Question 24

These make a cell “attractive” to both Na+ and K+

Answer 24

Protein anions

Question 25

This helps you dilute out and wash away things that come into contact with your skin.

Answer 25

Sweat

Question 26

This increases when a muscle shortens.

Answer 26

Zone of overlap / degree of overlap between thick and thin filaments

Question 27

This is how excitation gets coupled to contraction in a muscle.

Answer 27

Depolarization of t tubules leads to opening of calcium channels so that calcium can diffuse into the cytosol, bind troponin, and troponin can move tropomyosin to uncover that active sites on actin

Question 28

This makes hair and nails tougher than our skin.

Answer 28

Hard keratin (as opposed to soft keratin)

Question 29

This must be exceeded to create movement.

Answer 29

Load (Force that opposes movement)

Question 30

This refers to a change in membrane potential that can vary in magnitude.

Answer 30

Graded (Graded = levels = can be variable)

Question 31

To build bone without this is to all but guarantee a break.

Answer 31

Collagen

Question 32

Trapped in the matrix, these let osteocytes survive.

Answer 32

Canaliculi

Question 33

What is something that is not part of the skeletal system, yet also serves functions such as protecting organs and storing nutrients?

Answer 33

Skeletal muscles

Question 34

What structure is seen in compact but not spongy bone?

Answer 34

Osteons, central canals, different arrangements of the lamellae (spongy just has very few layers that are irregularly arranged)

Question 35

When just the endosteum and periosteum are involved, a bone can only grow in this way.

Answer 35

In width or thickness (appositional growth), but not in length

Question 36

Where no net stress is applied to long bone, you find this instead of bone tissue.

Answer 36

Empty spaces that can be filled with marrow (E.g. medullary cavity)