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Trivia Cards Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

True or False?
Nitroglycerin causes peripheral vasodilation to cause blood pooling and reduce preload.

A

True

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2
Q

True or false?
Nitroglycerin causes profound coronary artery and sinus vasodilation.

A

False

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3
Q

How does metoprolol work as an antiarrhythmic?

A

It blocks catecholamines at beta I adrenergic receptors.

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4
Q

How does Lasix work?

A

It inhibits sodium and potassium ion reabsorption in the loop of Henle.

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5
Q

How does amiodarone work?

A

It blocks potassium channels and prolongs repolarization increasing the refractory period and stopping re-entry.

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6
Q

What is Atorvastatin?

A

It is an HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor that is used for high cholesterol.

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7
Q

How do angiotensin receptor blockers work?

A

They inhibit angiotensin receptors.

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8
Q

Name an angiotensin receptor blocker.

A

Losartan, Candesartan, Irbesartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan

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9
Q

How does Salmetrol work?

A

It is a long-acting Beta 2 agonist.

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10
Q

How does salbutamol work?

A

It is a short acting Beta 2 agonist.

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11
Q

How does Tiotropium Bromide work?

A

It is a cholinergic (muscarinic) antagonist.

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12
Q

What is the underlying pathophysiology behind extrapyramidal side effects?

A

Dopamine receptor antagonist in the nigrostriatal pathway.

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13
Q

How is chlorprozamine classed?

A

Antipsychotic.

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14
Q

What is dystonia?

A

Involuntary sustained muscle contractions of the face, neck, jaw or back.

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15
Q

What is pseudo-parkinsonism?

A

Tremors and bradykinesia.

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16
Q

What is akathisia?

A

Physical restlessness and anxiety.

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17
Q

What is dyskinesia?

A

Involuntary repetitive movements like lip smacking, tongue darting, chewing movements, rapid blinking.

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18
Q

What is clonazepam?

A

A benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety.

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19
Q

How does Warfarin work?

A

It is a vitamin K antagonist.

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20
Q

How does Heparin work?

A

Heparin works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III.

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21
Q

How does Dabigatran work?

A

Works by directly binding to thrombin, an enzyme that plays a central role in the blood clotting process.

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22
Q

How do Rivaroxaban and Apixaban work?

A

They work by targeting and inhibiting factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.

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23
Q

How does tPA work?

A

Converts plasminogen into plasmin, an enzyme that breaks down fibrin.

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24
Q

How does Aspirin work as a platelet aggregate inhibitor?

A

It inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which reduces the production of thromboxane A2.

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25
How does Plavix work?
It id an ADP receptor inhibitor and prevents ADP from activating platelets.
26
How does Abciximab work?
It blocks the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor on platelets, inhibiting platelet aggregation.
27
How does Tranexamic Acid work?
Inhibit the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, an enzyme that breaks down fibrin clots.
28
What is citalopram and how does it work?
An antidepressant that works by inhibiting the reuptake of seratonin.
29
What is lorazepam used for?
To treat anxiety disorders and promote sleep/sedation.
30
How are Verapimil and Diltiazem classed?
They are calcium channel blockers.
31
How do diuretics work to lower blood pressure?
They alter the balance of sodium and water in the vasculature.
32
How does prazosin work?
It is an alpha 1 blocker and promote vasodilation to lower blood pressure.
33
What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
They inhibit the enzyme to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
34
What is the antidote for a warfarin overdose?
Vitamin K.
35
What is the antidote for a digoxin overdose?
Digibind.
36
What is the antidote for an acetaminophen overdose?
Acetylcysteine.
37
How does digoxin affect inotropy and chronotropy?
In increases inotropy and decreases chronotropy without increasing myocardial oxygen demand.
38
How do calcium channel blockers work?
They block L-type calcium channels, slowing conduction in the SA and AV nodes and reducing heart rate.
39
Why are corticosteroids given for acute episodes of respiratory disease?
They inhibit the production of cytokines to reduce bronchiole activity.
40
Which class of antidepressants react poorly with tyramine or dopamine containing foods?
MAO inhibitors.
41
What is serotonin syndrome?
A life-threatening condition that results from increased CNS serotonergic activity.
42
How does the antipsychotic olanzapine work?
It selectively blocks dopamine receptors.
43
How is theophylline classified?
It is a methylxanthine.
44
How is isoproterenol classified?
It is a non-selective beta-agonist.
45
How is Zafirlukast classified?
It is a leukotriene inhibitor.
46
How does the antidepressant Duloxetine work?
It inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS.
47
How is Temazepam classified?
It is a benzodiazepine.
48
How is chlordiazepoxide classified?
It is a benzodiazepine.
49
What are the mechanisms that cause dysrhythmias?
Abnormal pacemakers or abnormal conduction.
50
What antiarrhythmic is indicated for termination of Torsade des Pointes?
Magnesium Sulfate.
51
How do thiazide diuretics work?
They inhibit the sodium/chloride cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule.
52
What is Mannitol used to manage?
Reducing intracranial pressure or treating acute kidney failure.
53
How does Mannitol work?
It increases the osmolarity of the blood and renal filtrate, drawing water into the urine.
54
Where do Methyldopa and Clonidine work?
They both work on alpha receptors in the CNS to reduce sympathetic outflow.
55
Clonidine and Methyldopa are both alpha 2 adrenergic agonists. What makes them different?
Methyldopa is a prodrug.
56
How are Prozosin and Terazosin classified?
They are alpha blockers.
57
Why is hydralazine paired with a beta blocker?
It causes sympathetic stimulation, so tachycardia is a side effect.
58
What is hydralazine classified as?
It is a direct vasodilator.
59
What does nitric oxide do to blood vessels?
It is a potent vasodilator.
60
How are bradykinins implicated in control of blood pressure?
They lower blood pressure.
61
Why is nitroglycerin administered sublingually?
Avoids first pass effect and increases bioavailability.
62
How is spironolactone classified?
It id an aldosterone antagonist.
63
How does Spironolactone work?
It inhibits aldosterone. This promotes extraction of sodium and water.
64
What is Guaifenesin?
It is an expectorant.
65
How is dextromethorphan classified?
It is a non-opioid antitussive. (Cough suppressant)
66
How to antitussives work?
They inhibit the cough reflex.
67
How is Risperidone classified?
It is a second-generation antipsychotic.
68
How does Risperidone work?
It inhibits the D2 dopaminergic receptors and 5-HT2A serotonergic receptors in the brain.
69
How is Citalopram classified?
It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
70
What is Lorazepam’s mechanism of action?
It increases the frequency of opening of chloride ion channels in neurons to cause hyperpolarization.
71
What is Phenobarbital’s mechanism of action?
It increases the duration of opening of chloride ion channels in neurons to cause hyperpolarization.
72
How is phenylephrine classified?
It is an alpha 1 adrenergic agonist.

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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