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Geography Y9 > Tropical Rainforests > Flashcards

Tropical Rainforests Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What does Diurnal mean

A

daily

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2
Q

What are the 4 layers of the tropical rainforest

A

Emergent layer
Canopy
Under canopy
Forest floor

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3
Q

What adaptations have plants developed in tropical rainforests to collect the most nutrients

A

Shallow roots

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4
Q

Where do plants collect most of their nutrients from in tropical rainforests

A

Small shallow layer on the forest floor called the Humus Layer

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5
Q

As a result of deforestation in TRF, what happens to the Humus Layer

A

It gets leached leaving behind an infertile, iron rich soil known as Latosol

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6
Q

What is biomass

A

The mass of living material in plants and animals

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7
Q

What is litter

A

Dead wood, leaves and animal remains

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8
Q

How much of the litter is comprised of dead wood

A

80%`

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9
Q

What happens as a result of warm humid temperatures

A

Decomposition speeds up

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10
Q

Why were beavers hunted to extinction in the UK

A

Their custodian

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11
Q

How long have beaver been extinct in the UK

A

500 yrs

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12
Q

What are the benefits of reintroducing beavers into the UK

A 
Great for biodiversity
Can save the water vole
37% more fish in areas of beaver dams
Can divert or slow flood water
Stores carbon
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13
Q

How much of the world’s Carbon is stored in wetlands

A

20%

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14
Q

What are possible negatives of reintroducing beavers

A

Can cause flooding if dams are built downstream
Can divert paths
Makes it dangerous to travel
Makes it difficult for fish like salmon to spawn

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15
Q

What are adaptations

A

Actions taken to adjust for natural events such as climate change to reduce potential damage and limit the impacts

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16
Q

What is one way the Sloth has adapted

A

Long claws to grip onto branches

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17
Q

What are the ways Devil’s Ivy has adapted in TRF

A

Epiphytes- climbs up trunks of other trees by attaching itself to them with aerial roots in order to reach the canopy
Leaf angling- leaves arranged at different angle to avoid shading in order to get the most sunlight
Leaf size- leaves become larger as they rise up the forest
Waxy drip tip leaves- enables excess rain water to run off preventing algae growth which reduces sunlight

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18
Q

What adaptations do Buttress Roots give

A

Stabilises trees over 30m tall in shallow soil

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19
Q

What adaptations do Stilt Roots give

A

Provide support for tall trees

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20
Q

What adaptations do Red Leaves give

A

Protects young saplings from sunlight while their internal organs for photosynthesis are still developing

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21
Q

What adaptations do Lianas give

A

Roots in the ground and use other trees to climb up into the canopy.
Most start life in the canopy and send roots to the ground

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22
Q

What adaptations does Thin Bark give

A

Thin and smooth which makes it harder for other plants to grow on tree surfaces

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23
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

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24
Q

How many species on average go extinct per day

A

137

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25
If 1 mahogany tree gets cut down how many more fall
28 more
26
How much has the rainforest coverage gone down by since 1970
18%
27
How much has the indigenous people in the rainforest gone down by
10M to 200K
28
Where is Malaysia
South East Asia
29
What is Malaysia made up of
Peninsula Malaysia and East Malaysia
30
How much area needs to be flooded to create 1 hydro-electric dam
700km²
31
What is Mineral Extraction
Forests are also cleared to make way for huge mines. The Amazon Rainforest is the location of mines for Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Tin, Bauxite, Beryllium, Copper, Lead, Tungsten, Zinc and Gold
32
What is Logging
Commercial Logging companies cutting down trees for timber destroying a large numbers of valued trees
33
What is Subsistence Farming
Forest fires from slashing and burning trees, small pockets of land used for farming and to store items
34
What is Commercial Farming
Farming on a large scale to make a profit
35
How do indigenous people live in TRF
Harvesting fruits and nuts Cutting wood for fuel Use timber for shelter Use plants to cure illnesses
36
What is deforestation
The action of clearing a wide area of trees
37
What is Selective Logging
Where only the desirable trees are felled - less harmful but still damages biodiversity
38
What is Soil Erosion
The removal of soil by water or wind | Organic matter and minerals that make it fertile are often carried away with the soil
39
How much of land is TRF
3%
40
How much sunlight gets down to the forest floor
2%
41
How do vines grow
Rapid vertical growth
42
How do climbers grow
Curved stems and coils to latch onto trees
43
How much does a macaranga tree grow in a year
8m
44
How long does it take for trees to fill in gaps in the rainforest
4 yrs
45
How long do hardwood trees live
200 yrs
46
Where do most animals live
Canopy (Dharavi of the forest)
47
Why are fig trees important
Bore fruit all year round
48
How much rain falls in a rainforest per year
Do 5 pushups
49
What happens to excess water in TRF
It returns to the air as vapour
50
Why are fungi important
They're decomposers, cause plant + animal diseases, & they're used commercially
51
What percent of insects live in TRF
80%
52
Which of the worlds rainforest is the least explored
Congo Rainforest
53
What is interception
Water being prevented from reaching the surface by trees or grass
54
What is transpiration
Evaporation of water from plant leaves
55
What is an Agrarian District
Farming village
56
What are short term benefits of economic development in TRF
Jobs Companies pay tax which are used on public services Allows for construction Products are available to be farmed for industry Minerals are very valuable
57
What are long term losses of economic development in TRF
Pollution and a dry climate lead to water shortages Medicinal plants could go extinct Damages tourist numbers by destroying rainforests Climate change Fires causes harmful pollution
58
How does mining cause water pollution
Exposes heavy metals and sulphur compounds that were previously locked away in Earth such as mercury which is poisonous to fish
59
What does the Penan tribe use for medicine
Traditional medicines administered by healers
60
Why would there be conflict between loggers and indigenous people
Loggers have legal right but locals have lived there for generations
61
What do local people fear will happen if they have to adapt to life in urban areas
They don't have good immune systems so their culture will die out
62
What does sustainable mean
The ability to meet the needs of today's society without compromising future generations to meet their own needs
63
How is sustainable farming and replanting sustainable for the rainforest and what are the limitations
Gives space for younger trees to grow Keeps the forest at the same level Older trees collect more carbon so if they are cut down, they release carbon
64
How is sustainable conservation and education sustainable for the rainforest and what are the limitations
Trees cant be cut down and land cannot be developed on. gives kids knowledge on how to set up their own conservation Illegal loggers can still cut down trees
65
How is international agreements sustainable for the rainforest and what are the limitations
ITTA- diversity of international trade CITES- to sustainably manage rainforests Protects 3000 species None of their species have been endangered Lack of enforcement and implementation Nothing to protect animals not under its protection
66
How is debt relief sustainable for the rainforest and what are the limitations
Countries aren't forced to destroy their natural resources to pay off debts. Biodiversity remains unthreatened Donor country maintains good relations with recipient for the future Governments cant ensure that 0 deforestation will occur May be some resentment from donor country Nothing stops country from destroying the forest once the debt has been wiped
67
How is ecotourism sustainable for the rainforest and what are the limitations
Enables undisturbed natural environments such as the Amazon Rainforest to create a source of income Still have to travel to get there 3.69 tonnes of CO2 per plane trip Not economically safe

Geography Y9 (2 decks)

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