Truck Company

Question 1

Crew resource management
Leadership skills to develop

Answer 1

Authority involves the leader Insurance emissions safety Foster an environment respectful communication establishing task

Mentoring involves the leader demers’ reading skills and techniques chemistry and Professional Standards and best practices verbalizing errors and limitations promptly

Conflict resolution involves the leader identifying issues and courage in diplomatic questioning of the action decisions of others knowledge in differences of opinion

Mission analysis involves the leader of evaluating risk vs gain identifying objectives developing strategies and tactics to meet the identified objectives implemented in action plan expecting the unexpected evaluating effectiveness of the action plan in devising alternative strategies
test question

Question 2

Safety fact

Answer 2

The most important way that those safety behaviors become a part of the departmental culture in of individual behavior is through TRAINING

Question 3

Collapse indicators

Answer 3

Number one heavy fire no progress after 10 to 12 minutes in wood or ordinary Construction

Walls floors bowing or sagging, Distortion of Windows and Doors, Beams pulling away from support’s, Little or no run off while using heavy streams, new cracks developing or moving, walls disassemble under stream impact

Question 4

Ladder selection

Answer 4

Unless the situation dictates otherwise the longest ground ladder on scene should be deployed first then the next longest

The most critical factors are primary objective rescue window or roof access, fire size and location, current and expected fire Behavior

Question 5

Ladder selection

Answer 5

Proper distance can be determined by dividing the used length of the ladder by 4 the used length of a ladder and position is the vertical distance above the ground where the ladder contacts the building not the full length of the ladder

The ladder selected must not only be long enough to reach the objective at a safe climbing angle but also extend three to five runs above any parapet or roof eave

Question 6

Pole ladder raises

Answer 6

The perpendicular technique is preferred because it eliminates the need for a 90-degree pivot of the ladder that is required when it is raised parallel to the building

A minimum of four firefighters are required to raise a pole ladder but adding a 5th or 6th firefighter to the team increases both safety and efficiency

Question 7

Placing of ladders

Answer 7

Position of firefighter to break a window for ventilation it should be placed alongside the window to the windward upwind side the tip should be even with the upper portion of the window the same position can be used when firefighters need to climb in and out of narrow windows or direct hose streams into them

If the window open is wide enough the ladder can be placed so that extends 2 to 3 rungs into the window opening

Question 8

Access into structures

Answer 8

Ground ladders are often the best means of reaching windows that must be open or broken out to gain entry into the building or for rescue or horizontal ventilation

Question 9

Above grade ladder rescues

Answer 9

Rescuing people trapped on Floors above the ground floor or in other elevated locations are the most common situation in which ground ladders are used for Rescue

Question 10

Vertical ventilation and Ladders

Answer 10

Absence of an aerial device ground ladders are the primary means of gaining access to the roof of structures up to four stories in height

Question 11

Mechanical advantage of ladders

Answer 11

The most common application is in lowering injured victims from points above grade

Question 12

Water removal and Ladders

Answer 12

What letters can be used to construct a variety of water removal contrivances they are most often used to construct water chutes

Question 13

Bridging

Answer 13

If the gap between the buildings is not more than one-third its length a single ladder can be laid on the roof of one building in the tip simply slid over to the other building to allow access

Question 14

Forcible entry tools most important

Answer 14

What are the most important and most versatile forcible entry tool is the rotary saw sometimes referred to as rescue saw

Question 15

Saw blade replacements schedule

Answer 15

12 tooth wood cutting replace when two or more teeth are damaged

24 tooth wood cutting blades when 8 or more teeth or damage

Replace composite concrete or metal cutting blades when the blade can fit inside an 8 inch circle

Question 16

Best tool for forcing residential commercial doors

Answer 16

Rotary saw clip with metal cutting blade is one of the best tools to use for forcing an inward swinging metal door set in a metal frame

The saw can be plunged through the rabbit or door stop to cut the deadbolt
Or used to make two intersecting 45 degree Cuts around the locking mechanism is that the door free

Question 17

Softening the building

Answer 17

Some Department Sops is to force open all doors into the structure when there is a significant fire inside
This is only done if it will not change the ventilation profile

Question 18

Industrial institution doors

Answer 18

One of the most common types of industrial institutional service doors the firefighters may have to force open is a steel roll-up door

Question 19

Forcing industrial institution doors

Answer 19

One of the most common methods of cutting through a roll up or sheet curtain doors to make a large triangular cut the cut typically does not create an opening large enough for Access by fire attack Cruise it’s more to provide an Escape Route for firefighters

The apex of the triangle should be at least 6 ft high in the middle of the door the bottom of the door in the sides are formed by two 45 degree cuts

Question 20

Telescoping doors

Answer 20

Triangular cuts are not recommended for telescoping doors

Question 21

Breaking windows

Answer 21

Firefighter breaking glass should be up wind

If using an axe to break the window the firefighters to strike the window with the flat side of the blade the handle should be held higher than the blade to prevent the glass from sliding down the handle toward the firefighter

Question 22

Lexan

Answer 22

Polycarbonate window 30 times stronger than safety glass and 250 times stronger than ordinary glass

Question 23

Gaining access to a thermoplastic window

Answer 23

A rotary saw with a medium 40 tooth carbide tip blade is most effective when entry must be made through all types of plastic windows

However a rotary saw is the only fire service tool that will cut lexan polycarbonate

Question 24

Breaching walls

Answer 24

Tools needed rotary saw, chainsaw, circular saw, battering ram, Sledgehammer, concrete breaker in the air chisel

Question 25

Conducting a search

Answer 25

Two objectives of a building search are locating victims and obtaining information about the location and extent of Fire a third type of search is rapid intervention which is needed to locate and rescue firefighters in distress

Question 26

Primary search priorities

Answer 26

Most severely threatened whenever possible firefighters should begin their primary research is close to the seat of fire its conditions allows The next most seriously threatened are those on the floors above the fire because of the potential for fire and smoke to spread upward once the fire floor has been searched the floor directly above should be checked

Question 27

Safe zoning

Answer 27

This technique is used in support of a fire attack or independently of it firefighters create safe zones by closing interior doors to isolate the fire and then remove heat and smoke from uninvolved areas with positive pressure ventilation or hydraulic ventilation

Question 28

Marking systems when searching

Answer 28

Carlos of the mark and method used to Mark should be placed on the lower third of the wall or door so they are more likely to be visible below the smoke

Question 29

Large area search

Answer 29

200-foot rope 3/8 of an inch thick every 20 ft of its length of 2 inch steel ring is tied into the search So they provide directional indication not toward the fire Rings toward the exit

Question 30

Searching multi-story buildings

Answer 30

The most critical errors in the multi-story buildings are as follows Number1 the fire floor Number 2 the floor directly above the fire Number three the topmost floor The majority of the occupants will be found in this area

Question 31

Rapid intervention

Answer 31

The total for firefighters must usually be on seen before firefighters are allowed to enter a burning building for primary search and rescue

Question 32

Ric limitations

Answer 32

One possible limitation on the effectiveness of a rapper Innovation crew maybe the number of personnel assigned compared to the number actually needed to complete the task in a safe and timely manner

Question 33

Smoke Behavior

Answer 33

From ventilation size up perspective one of the most important indicators of the fire conditions within a burning building is the behavior of the visible smoke Smoke volume smoke color and density , air flow pressure

Question 34

Smoke color and density

Answer 34

Whitish grey smoke indicate cellular cellulose-based materials wood and paper Dense black smoke is generally produced by hydrocarbons such as petroleum or material burning where oxygen supply is limited

Question 35

Optical density in opacity

Answer 35

Describe how difficult it is to see through the smoke smoke containing high concentrations of particulate is very dense thick not transparent

Question 36

Physical density

Answer 36

This describes how buoyant the smoke is smoke that is buoyant will rise quickly and smoke that is not will hang close to the floor buoyancy is related to the temperature of the smoke the higher the temperature the more buoyant to smoke

Question 37

Airflow

Answer 37

If the smoke and gases are confined pressures created as a confined fire grows larger and more intense more pressure is created the smoke will be forced out under pressure through every available opening

Question 38

Unreinforced masonry buildings

Answer 38

Older structures that are prone to structural collapse

Question 39

Timing of ventilation

Answer 39

The timing of tactical ventilation can be one of the most critical aspects of the operation in both Effectiveness and safety

Question 40

Exposures hazards

Answer 40

Horizontal ventilation can threaten exposed buildings through radiation and or direct flame contact smoke me also be drawn into adjacent buildings by window mounted AC units vertical ventilation may also threaten nearby structures

Question 41

Weather and ventilation concerns

Answer 41

The most important weather-related influences on tactical ventilation are wind and temperature

Question 42

Temperature

Answer 42

Effect of atmospheric temperature on fire Behavior inside a structure may be limited atmosphere temperature can affect the neutral pressure plane in high-rise buildings

Question 43

Horizontal ventilation

Answer 43

Horizontal ventilation Remains the most frequently used form of tactical ventilation

Question 44

Important factors of horizontal ventilation

Answer 44

Location of the fire Wind direction and speed Location of ventilation openings

Question 45

Using Windows for horizontal ventilation

Answer 45

Open the windows on the leeward side fully and those on the windward side about halfway

Question 46

Using smoke ejectors

Answer 46

Smoke detectors are usually set up in openings on the leeward side of the building When smoke detectors are placed in doorways Windows they should be positioned near the top of the opening because convection causes the majority of the Heat and smoke to rise to the top of the compartment

Question 47

Using blowers

Answer 47

Ppv blowers are set up about 6 ft outside the point of entry into the building so the cone of are they create completely covers the inlet opening

Question 48

Ventilating using a nozzle

Answer 48

Nozzle Position should be two feet inside the room being ventilated the spray pattern should not exceed 60 degrees because it would lose efficiency at greater angles

Question 49

Firefighters on the roof precautions

Answer 49

When firefighters are on the roof of the building should be laddered on at least two sides and on all sides if resources permit

Question 50

Roof hazards

Answer 50

The strongest points of any roof are where the roof meets the outside walls directly over roof supports in at ridges or valleys The weakest points are between the support

Question 51

Cutting tools

Answer 51

It is recommended that a clear space of at least 10 ft be maintained in all directions from anyone using a cutting tool in vertical ventilation Common cutting tool used for vertical ventilation are the rotary saw chainsaw in the pick head axe

Question 52

Stripping tools

Answer 52

Most common pick head axe, the pike pole, the rubbish hook

Question 53

Pitched types of pitched roof

Answer 53

The most common examples of pitch roofs are Gable, hip, Lantern, shed Style

Question 54

Bridge truss roof

Answer 54

The strongest areas of bridge truss roofs are at the perimeter of the building where the bottom chord of the trust rest on the outside bearing wall

Question 55

Venting pitched roofs

Answer 55

Pitch roof should be vented at the highest point on the leeward side directly over the fire or as close to it as possible The ventilation exit opening should be at least 4 by 4

Question 56

Flat roofs hazards

Answer 56

There's often a concealed space between a flat roof in the ceiling of the top floor below this place is referred to as attic or cochlea crawl space or interstitial space which may lead to early roof failure

Question 57

Hazards of arched roofs

Answer 57

The single biggest Hazard of our truce is the danger of sudden and total collapse often without warning

Question 58

Venting arched roof

Answer 58

R-Truth should be vented at the top of the arch directly over the fire or buy a long narrow strip vent along the Centerline of the roof

Question 59

Parallel chord truss has

Answer 59

The bridge in effect of parallel chord truss has causes the top Court to always being compression in the bottom cord intention

Question 60

Trench strip ventilation

Answer 60

Primarily a defensive maneuver trench ventilation is sometimes referred to as a strip ventilation it describes a ventilation exit opening that extends from one outside wall to the other including the metal flashing at both ends Effective in limiting the spread of attic fires in strip malls. trench ventilation accomplished by cutting an opening the roof at least 4 ft wide across the entire width of the building

Question 61

Fire behavior in high-rise building

Answer 61

Fire behavior in high-rise buildings is most affected by Stack effect in mushrooming

Question 62

High-rise ventilation

Answer 62

Ppv blowers position at street level are effective up to about 22 floors

Question 63

Neutral pressure plane

Answer 63

Exist at the level of ambient atmospheric pressure usually between 35% and 50% of the building height as the distance away from this point increases the pressure differences also increases to positively above the plain and negatively below the plane

Question 64

In a high-rise ventilating the fire floor

Answer 64

Horizontal ventilation of the fire floor shouldn't be done only when there is no other choice

Question 65

Effects of wind

Answer 65

Wind produces a positive pressure on the windward side of the building which tends to raise a neutral pressure plane and a negative pressure on the leeward side of the building which tends to lower the neutral pressure plane before venting the fire floor horizontally it must be determined that are movement will be conducive to effective ventilation

Question 66

Neutral plane in high-rise buildings facts

Answer 66

Making an opening above the neutral pressure plane allows the smoke to escape to the outside

Question 67

Automatic roof vents

Answer 67

Take advantage of the fact that fire gases rise due to convection therefore these vents are placed at the highest point of the roof summer activated by smoke detectors so others operate through the use of fusible links connected to a spring-loaded counterweight cover assembly

Question 68

Curtain boards for draft curtains

Answer 68

They generally extend a distance of equal to at least 20% of the vertical distance from the floor to the roof but not lower than 10 feet above the floor The function of the curtain Borgias to limit the horizontal spread of heat and smoke by confining it to a relatively small area directly above its source