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Archaeoentomolgy Midterm > True Bugs- Bugs, Beetles, Mosquitos, Blackflies, Biting midges, Sandflies, Horse and Deer flies, Tsetse flies, Sheep ked > Flashcards

True Bugs- Bugs, Beetles, Mosquitos, Blackflies, Biting midges, Sandflies, Horse and Deer flies, Tsetse flies, Sheep ked Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What order do bugs beling to?

A

Hemiptera

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2
Q

In general about bugs

A

Are free living species
Temporary
Blood feeders on host- can be birds or mammals

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3
Q

What are the 2 families of bugs that are parasitic?

A

Cimicidae: all are parasites
Reduviidae: some are parasitic, some are predatory and suck from other insects

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4
Q

General morph

A

Small compound eyes

Slim antennae

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5
Q

Development

A

Hemimetaboly
In the environment
5 instar nymph stages

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6
Q

Bedbugs

A 
also called Cimex lectularis 
Family: Cimicidae 
All species are parasitic 
Are widespread in the world 
Pests especially in Po houses 
CANNOT transmit the pathogens they ingest with the blood
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7
Q

General morph of bedbugs

A

3 pairs of legs
Mouth part positioned ventrally on the head
Dorsoventrally flattened- they swell when they feed on blood
Wingless
Slender
4 segmented, erect antennae

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8
Q

Life cycle of bedbugs

A

Night time!!
Both males and females feed on blood
Mating/egg-laying/moulting in cracks

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9
Q

Uniqueness of their insemination

A

It’s traumatic
Males have hook-like penis that pierces the females abd cavity, can see the number of times the female has been inseminated by the number of wounds

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10
Q

Kissing bugs

A

Family: Reduviidae

Parasitic subfamilies: Triatoma, Rhodnius, Panstrongylus

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11
Q

General morph of kissing bugs

A

Reduced forewing
Membranous hindwing
Flattened

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12
Q

Life cycle of kissing bugs

A

Night time-Both males and females feed on blood

Daytime- mating/egg-laying and moulting in cracks

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13
Q

What disease are kissing bugs vectors of?

A

Transmit and sustain TRYPANOSOMES! (cruzi)
Bug contains epimastigotes– metacyclic trypomastigote in faeces– scratch faeces into skin– amastigote in cells– bloodstream

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14
Q

Dartling beetle/ lesser mealworm beetle

A

Alphitobius diaperinus
Order: Coleoptera
Very few species are parasitic - this beetle itself is not parasitic but is a reservoir for Po pathogens like Salmonella, Chicken pox and Tapeworms like Rallietina

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15
Q

General morph of Dartling beetles

A

Have v strong chewing muscles- can even get through insulation in Po houses
Typical ‘beetle’ appearance

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16
Q

Life cycle of beetles

A

Holometamorphosis

  • in the environment
  • 7-11 larval instars
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17
Q

Beetle larvae

A

Resemble flea larvae but they have LEGS! (and eyes?)

also have mouths

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18
Q

Diptera order

A

One of the largest and most advanced group of insects
2 wings for flight
2 wings for balance= HALTERE
Larave are worm like, no legs= maggots
Every type of feeding is possible- parasitic, carnivore, omnivore etc…

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19
Q

Suborders of Diptera Order

A

Nematocera

Brachycera

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20
Q

How to differentiate nematocera and brachycera

A

Nematocera have long, homologous antennae segmented (greater than 3 segmets)
Brachycera have short, hetreo antennae (less than or equal to 3 segments)

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21
Q

What is true for the Diptera order

A 
Primarily feed on plants 
Females feed on blood
-day or night (at dusk=crepuscularis)
-autogen or anautogen
-exophil or endophil
-zoophil or antrophil

Mummified pupa=puva obteca- can be acquatic or terrestrial

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22
Q

What are included in the Nematocera?

A

Sandflies
Mosquitos
Blackflies
Biting Midges

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23
Q

In general about Nematocera

A

Have hairy bodies

The phlebotominaw subfamily is the only parasitic

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24
Q

Sandflies

A

Moth or drainflies

Family: Psychodidae

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25
Morph of sandflies
Long, slender forward antennae Male and female feed differently Parallel veins on wings Larvae=caterpillar-like, Puparium=mummy-like-- both segmented
26
Development of sandflies
Holometamorphosis In wet/decaying conditions- e.g dung, holes of trees 4 larval instars
27
What disease do sandflies carry?
LEISHMANIA!! | only the females
28
Mosquitos
Family: Culicidae
29
Morph of mosquitos
Tiny to medium sized species Long, slender legs Long, feathery antennae Males feed on nectar, females feed on blood Puparium=mummy-like, can see the outlines of organs Long proboscis= parasitic!
30
Development of mosquitos
Holometamorphosis Larvae develop is stagnant water 4 larval instars
31
What diseases do mosquitos transmit
the FEMALES Yellow fever Dengue fever Parasites: Plasmodium, Dirofilaria, Wuchereria, Bancrofti Anopheles sp: Malaria
32
How to differentiate male and female Culicines species?
Male: have very feathery antennae (strong sense of smell) to find females Female: not so feathery antennae that are long and slim
33
Mouth part of mosquitos
Have a sucking mouth part (proboscis) | Stylet consists of: maxilla and manibula and hypopharynx, and sheet like covering consisting of the labium and labrum
34
What are the 2 main Culicines species
Aedes and Culex
35
How to differentiate the Anopheles and Culicines species
Anopheles- rest with hind UPWARDS | Culicines- rest with hind parallel to the ground
36
Blackflies
Buffalo gnats/ Turkey gnats/ White socks Family: Simuliidae Daytime!!!
37
Morph of blackflies
Short, homo antennae erected forward Female= blood-feeder "hump" on thorax
38
Puparium of blackflies
``` Mummy-like Segmeted Slipper-shaped coccoon Resp tubules "grumpy old man" ```
39
Development of blackflies
Holometamorphosis In running waters 6-9 larval instars
40
What diseases do blackfles transmit?
FEMALES Onchocerca nematodes- river blindness Trypanosoma Leucocytozoon Simulitoxicosis- the biting and allergic effect happening together
41
Biting midges
``` Punkies Family: Ceratopogonidae Night/crepuscular V. large group Females-blood suckers Males- plant juices ```
42
Morph of biting midges
V. tiny <1mm Long, forward antennae Resemble mosquitos How to differentiate from sandflies-- look at the wings- sandflies have parallel veins, midges have patterns
43
Puparium of sandflies
Segmeted Mummy-like Have resp tubes
44
Larva of sandflies-
worm like
45
Development of sandflies
Holometamorphosis Larvae in stagnant waters 4 larval instars
46
What do sandflies carry?
Viruses: Bluetongue and Schmallenberg Protozoa: Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus
47
What diseases do sandflies cause?
Sweet/ Queensland/ Summer itch - Self trauma because of rubbing - Skin lesions on the tail, mane and dors and vent midlines
48
What are included in Brachycera?
Horsefly, tsetse fly. forestflies
49
Horseflies
``` Deerflies Family: Tabanidae Daytime Females: worm-blooded Males: nectar and pollen ```
50
Morphology of horseflies
Have coloured compound eyes Slashing/sponging mouthpart Tabanus and chrysops: quite large Haematopota: blood-sucking, have patterns on wings
51
Development and life cycle of horseflies
Holometamorphosis Predator larvae in humid, shady areas 7-11 larval stages Lay eggs on the undersde of the leaves
52
Tsetse flies
Family: Glossinidae Africa Both sexes feed on blood! Hosts are mammals and birds
53
General morph of tsetse flies
Antennae are forward pointing Piercing mouthparts- covered with protective sheath, always in vertical direction Glossinia sp. wing of the adult shows "Hatchet cell"
54
Development of tsetse flies
Holometamorphosis | BUT females deliver 3rd instar larva that pupate promptly after birth
55
What disease do tsetse flies transmit
Trypanosomas Cruzi
56
Forest flies
Louse flies Family: Hippoboscidae All parasitic Both sexes are hematophagous and permanent
57
General morph of forestflies
Dorsoventrally flattened body Legs straddled on side of body- can move very fast Are resistant to compression i.e they cannot be popped
58
Life cycle/Development of forestflies
Female lays 4th instar larvae that pupate promptly after birth on the host or in soil
59
What disease do forestflies transmit
Bartonella
60
Hippobosca equina species of forestflies
Are very large (horseflies?) | Have permanent wings, when they land on the host they drop wings and become flightless
61
Lipotena cerri species
DEER KED Short mouthpart After ingesting blood on host they loose their wings
62
Sheep ked
Melophagis ovinus No wings Pupates on host Travel by phoresy on the forest flies

Archaeoentomolgy Midterm (7 decks)

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