True/False

Question 1

True/False

Statistical techniques that use sample data to answer questions about populations are known as descriptive statistics.

Answer 1

False. They are inferential statistics.

Question 2

True/False

The goal of an experiment is to demonstrate the existence of cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

True/False

A correlational study typically uses only one group of participants but measures two different variables (two scores) foreach individual.

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

True/False

A researcher is using an experiemtn to determine whether sugar consumption has any effect on the activity level of preschool children. For this study, the DV is the activity level of the children.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

True/False

Classifying people into two groups on the basis of gender is an example of measurement on an ordinal scale.

Answer 5

False. Gender is measured on a naominal scale.

Question 6

True/False

A discrete variable can only be measured in indivisible categories.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

True/False

For the following scores ∑(X-1) = 10. Scores: 1,3,7

Answer 7

False. Subtract 1 point from each score, then add.

Question 8

True/False

For the following scores ∑X^2 = 35. Scores: 1,3,5

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

A researcher is interested in the average income for registered voters in the US. the entire group of registered voters is an example of a population.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

A researcher interested in vocabulary development obtains a sample of 3 yr old children to participate in a research study. The average score for the group of 20 is an example of a parameter.

Answer 10

False –> the average for a sample is a statistic.

Question 11

Transforming data changes the relationship between the variables.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Transforming data does change the difference between different variables.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

The median is relatively unaffected by extreme scores at either end of the distribution or by skewed distributions.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

The median can be used with ordinal, interval, and ratio data.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

The mean can be influenced by extreme scores.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

The mean cannot be affected by skewed distributions.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

The mean can only be used with interval or ratio data.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

If we reject the null hypothesis, this doesn’t prove the alternative hypothesis - it merely supports it.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

The range is not affected by extremes

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

The interquartile range attempts to circumvent the problem of the range’s heavy dependence on extreme scores.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

The mode is the least common score.

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

The median is in the first quartile.

Answer 22

FALSE –> it is the second quartile (50th percentile)

Question 23

This is the sign for less than “>”

Answer 23

FALSE

Question 24

This is the sign for less than “

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

This is the sign for greater than ">"

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

This is the sign for greater than "

Answer 26

FALSE

Question 27

Reliability is the extent to which a measurement gives consistent results

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Validity is whether the instrument measures what it set out to measure.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

There are four types of validity.

Answer 29

FALSE - There are three (internal, external, and construct)

Question 30

External validity is concerned with generalisation & sampling issues.

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

Construct validity does not measure the construct.

Answer 31

FALSE - it actually tests the construct eg. IQ tests measure intelligence not personality.

Question 32

A construct can be measured directly.

Answer 32

FALSE --> define the constructs/variables so as to be measured.