True/False

Question 1

Manipulation of the environment is a functional expression of the muscular system

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Neurological damage above the brain stem results in flaccid muscles.

Answer 2

FALSE: damage BELOW the brain stem = flaccid muscles

Question 3

Muscle tone is the result of the integrity of muscle fibers’ elasticity.

Answer 3

FALSE. Muscle tone is the result of a systematic stimulation of the muscle by the nervous system.

Question 4

Muscle fatigue is the result of insufficient supply of oxygen to working muscles.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Skeletal muscles’ activity is responsible for 40% of body heat.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Collectively, all motor neurons innervating the fibers of a single muscle are called a motor pool.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

One motor neuron can stimulate only one muscle cell.

Answer 7

FALSE: one motor neuron can stimulate several muscle cells, creating a motor unit

Question 8

Grave’s Disease is a condition of hyperthyroidism.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

The Posterior Pituitary Gland does not synthesize hormones.

Answer 9

TRUE the hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus

Question 10

Anterior Pituitary Gland hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus.

Answer 10

FALSE this is true of the posterior pituitary gland

Question 11

The main regulatory process controlling hormonal release into the circulatory system is a positive feedback loop mechanism.

Answer 11

FALSE: both positive and negative feedback loops are used

Question 12

Hormones are synthesized in ductless glands.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Goiter is a condition resulting from excess iodine in the system.

Answer 13

FALSE: lack of iodine does not allow the thyroid glands to secrete hormones and causes this condition

Question 14

Steroids have an impact on cells by activating receptors located on cell’s membrane

Answer 14

FALSE: steroids act in receptors inside target cells

Question 15

Growth Hormone and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone are antagonistic to each other

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

At 40 to 41 degrees C, protein molecules begin to break their chemical bonds

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

Humans react to cold by dilating cutaneous blood level

Answer 17

FALSE: heat causes dilation, cold causes constriction

Question 18

Thyroid secretion increases in reaction to heat

Answer 18

FALSE: thyroid secretion increases in reaction to cold

Question 19

Fever is one of the body’s defense mechanisms in time of illness

Answer 19

TRUE: leukocytes are mobilized and fever can fight off bacterial infections

Question 20

Low grade fever (up to about 2 degrees C) can fight off bacterial infections

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

The extracellular liquid environment in the human body is about a third of the body liquid volume.

Answer 21

TRUE: interstitial fluid = 25%, intravascular (blood) = 7%, transcellular (CSF) = 1%

Question 22

Diffusion, unlike osmosis, is an active chemical force

Answer 22

FALSE: both diffusion and osmosis are passive

Question 23

Salty meals result in hypotonicity of extracellular liquid environment.

Answer 23

FALSE: salty meals result in HYPERTONICITY

Question 24

Constriction of blood vessels results in loss of blood pressure

Answer 24

FALSE: elevates blood pressure

Question 25

Some of the “head factors” involved in eating are taste and smell.

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

Extensive sweating can result in cravings for salt.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

Insulin and glucagon are secreted by the pancreas.

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Reproductive cells require cooler environment than the rest of the body

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

"Homeothermia” means that the constancy of body temperature is maintained regardless of environmental variations in temperature.

Answer 29

TRUE: homeotherms have a constant body temp, poikliotherms’ body temp adjusts depending on the environment

Question 30

Metabolism of brown fat is a reaction to cold

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

Constriction of blood vessels leads to elevated blood pressure.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

No one food has all the vitamins

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

Very thin adolescents experience early puberty

Answer 33

FALSE: very thin adolescents have later puberty as leptin is involved in triggering puberty

Question 34

Luteinizing Hormone activates in males testosterone secretion

Answer 34

TRUE, involved in males and females, in females ovulation and estrogen

Question 35

It is speculated that the supply of ova available for females is determined around birth

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

The ovarian cycle is regulated by the fluctuations of blood levels of releasing factors

Answer 36

FALSE

Question 37

Leptin is a hormone involved in regulation of food intake

Answer 37

TRUE: inhibition of leptin results in overeating

Question 38

Cortical structures are involved in our inhibitory abilities

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Stress or anxiety can be explained as hypervigilance of the fight-or-flight response

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

The classical functional definition of memory is : “the consolidation and retention of acquired information.”

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

Episodic memory is usually organized regardless its temporal and spatial context.

Answer 41

FALSE: episodic memory involves context and is specific to time and place, usually a single event (slide 8)

Question 42

Testosterone facilitates aggression only in males

Answer 42

FALSE: testosterone facilitates aggression in males and androgen females

Question 43

Facial expressions are paralinguistic

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

Moral decision making requires emotional reactions

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

Research and clinical practice indicate that lesions in the hypothalamus result in impaired acquisition of conditioned emotional responses

Answer 45

FALSE: lesions in the AMYGDALA impair acquisition of conditioned emotional responses

Question 46

The amygdala is involved in provoking anger and violence, while the prefrontal cortices suppress them

Answer 46

TRUE

Question 47

Core executive emotional systems are shared by all living creatures

Answer 47

FALSE: core executive emotional systems are shared by all MAMMALS

Question 48

When the organism is engaged in flight-flight, the Sympathetic Nervous System is stimulating secretions of the adrenal cortex.

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

The nerve impulses activating muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction utilize acetylcholine (Ach)

Answer 49

TRUE

Question 50

Recognition develops very early in infancy, while recall requires some language development

Answer 50

TRUE