True Learn

Question 1

Function of intra-aortic balloon pumps

Answer 1

improve o2 supply/demand ratio
inflates during diastole and deflates right as ventricle is about to eject blood

Question 2

IABP bottom line” the ___ pressure will be higher than the ___ pressure in an assisted beat

Answer 2

diastolic;systolic

Question 3

Advantages of airway exchange catheters over gum elastic bougies

Answer 3

AECs can
-jet ventilate,
-manually ventilate
- O2 insufflate
- EtCO2 monitoring

Question 4

In VCV ventilation breaths are triggered by

Answer 4

RR only

Question 5

Explain HLH and LHL

Answer 5

First letter is intended vaporizer vapor pressure

second letter is what is in the vaporizer

third letter is your output

Example: A sevo (240) vaporizer filled with Iso (160)

Higher VP vaporizer is filled with lower VP anesthetic resulting in higher output (HLH)

Question 6

Potential causes of increased EtCO2 with normal capnogram waveforms

Answer 6

-hypermetabolic states: MH, sepsis, shivering
-Absorption of CO2 from insufflation
-administering bicarb
-unclamping of a major vessel

Question 7

FA/FI ratio

Answer 7

A marker of volatile anesthetic uptake by the blood

Question 8

Fast rise in FA/FI ratio is seen in gases with

Answer 8

low solubilities

Question 9

Uptake of volatiles are directly proportional to

Answer 9

-CO
-Solubility
-Alveolar:venous partial pressure differences

Question 10

Factors that tend to increase the rate of rise of FA/FI

Answer 10

-Low blood:gas coefficients
-Low CO
-High MV
-Less blood uptake

Question 11

A-line in brachial artery is most likely to damage what nerve

Answer 11

Median

Question 12

Wandering baseline ECG is most commonly due too

Answer 12

-loose ECG electrodes
-poor skin contact
-moving patient

Question 13

ECG interference from an AC source alternates at

Answer 13

60 Hz

Question 14

Mnemonic for myocyte action potential

Answer 14

Nine Koalas Cause Kookiness

(Na+) in (+)out (Ca2+) in K(+) out

Question 15

In mapleson A FGF must be what to prevent rebreathing of exhaled gas?

Answer 15

Equal or greater than MV

Question 16

FGF during spontaneous ventilation must be ___ in Mapleson _ _ & _ circuits

Answer 16

2-3x’s MV in Mapleson D,E,F

Question 17

FGF during controlled ventilation must be equal to __ in Mapleson D,E,F

Answer 17

1-2 x’s MV

Question 18

LIM alarms detect at __ and up

Answer 18

2 mA

Question 19

Which vent setting best represents patient’s respiratory system mechanics?

Answer 19

VCV because pressures and waveforms are dependent on patient. PCV is limited since we set those parameters

Question 20

Pressure waveforms in VCV are ___ shaped

Answer 20

triangularly

Question 21

Pressure waveforms in PCV are ___ shaped

Answer 21

square

Question 22

Normal Peak-plateau pressure

Answer 22

4-10 cm H2O

Question 23

The safest flowmeter arrangement has

Answer 23

Oxygen downstream (closest to pt) from other gases

Question 24

One of the most common complications of transtracheal or subglottic jet ventilation

Answer 24

Hypercarbia

Question 25

Rare complications of transtracheal or subglottic jet ventilation

Answer 25

-pneumothorax -subq emphysema -necrotizing tracheobronchitis (prolonged use)

Question 26

In order to prevent rebreathing of carbon dioxide in circle system, 3 requirements must be fulfilled:

Answer 26

1. Unidirectional inspiratory & expiratory valves 2. FGF can not be between pt and expiratory valve 3. APL can not be between pt and inspiratory valve

Question 27

Contraindications for retrograde intubations

Answer 27

-Thyroid goiter or any pathology that obstructs normal landmarks for cricothyroid cartilage -Coagulopathy - laryngeal disease - Infection: pretracheal abscess

Question 28

Higher frequency ultrasound provides ___ penetration & ___ resolution

Answer 28

worse: better

Question 29

Review Cormack-Lehane System

Answer 29

Brainscape won't let you add images for free

Question 30

Axillary roll prevents damage to

Answer 30

Axillary neurovascular bundle & brachial plexus

Question 31

Sensitivity of VAE detection (least to greatest)

Answer 31

ECG, EtCO2, PAC, precordial doppler, TEE

Question 32

Majority of laryngeal muscles are supplied by

Answer 32

RLN

Question 33

Which muscle is not innervated by RLN?

Answer 33

Cricothyroid: SLN

Question 34

Class I (a,b,c) antiarrhythmics MOA

Answer 34

Voltage gated "Na+ channel blockade

Question 35

Class IA antiarrhythmics

Answer 35

Quinidine Disopyramide Procainamide

Question 36

Class IB antiarrhythmics

Answer 36

Lidocaine Phenytoin

Question 37

Class IC antiarrhythmics

Answer 37

Flecainide Propafenone

Question 38

Class II antiarrhythmics MOA

Answer 38

beta blockers

Question 39

Class III antiarrhythmics MOA

Answer 39

K+ channel blockers

Question 40

Class II antiarrhythmics (name them)

Answer 40

Sotalol Amiodarone Dronedarone Ibutilide

Question 41

Class IV antiarrhythmics MOA

Answer 41

Ca2+ Channel blockers

Question 42

Unique demand of Fontan single ventricle physiology

Answer 42

passive pulmonary blood flow

Question 43

After a bolus, these drugs’ actions are terminated by “redistribution”

Answer 43

Thiopental, Propofol, Fentanyl, Methohexital