Trunk and spine respiration

Question 1

What do ligaments connect?

Answer 1

Bone to bone

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of ligaments?

Answer 2

prevents excessive movement

Question 3

What vertebrae are alar ligaments found? Which way do they expand? What do they prevent?

Answer 3

Cervical

Obliquely

Prevents side tilt

Question 4

What do transverse atlantal ligaments prevent?

Answer 4

Prevents atlas and head dislocating anteriorly

Question 5

Where is the posterior logitudinal ligament found?

Answer 5

spinal canal

Question 6

What motion is the ligamentum flavum used for?

Answer 6

Yes motion

Question 7

What ligament is only found in the cervical region?

Answer 7

Ligamentum nuchae

Question 8

Name 8 upper cervical ligaments

Answer 8

alar ligaments

transverse atlantal ligament

anterior longitudinal

posterior longitudinal

ligamentum flavum

intertransverse

interspinous

ligamentum nuchae

Question 9

What percentage of body weigh is transferred onto the sacral base?

Answer 9

60%

Question 10

How many muscles attach to the pelvis?

Answer 10

35

Question 11

What is the upper 2/5 of hip bone?

Answer 11

ilium

Question 12

What is the posterior and lower 2/5 of hip bone

Answer 12

ischium

Question 13

what is the anterior and lower fifth?

Answer 13

pubic bone

Question 14

How many planes can the the pelvic girdle move and how many different motions?

Answer 14

3 planes for 6 movements

Question 15

What plane is anterior/posterior rotation of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 15

Sagittal plane

Question 16

What pane is right and left tilt (rotation) of pelvic girdle?

Answer 16

frontal plane

Question 17

what plane is Right transverse/left transverse rotation of pelvic girdle

Answer 17

transverse

Question 18

What is the normal BMI range

Answer 18

18.5-25

Question 19

What muscles aid in flexion of the trunk? (2)

Answer 19

Rectus abdominis

Prevertebrals

Question 20

What muscles aid in extension of the trunk (unilaterally or bilaterally)?

Answer 20

Post-vertebral

bilaterally

Question 21

What muscles of the trunk are used for Lateral flexion/extension (uni or bilaterally)

Answer 21

post vertebrals (unilaterally)

internal/external obliques

quadratus lumborum

Question 22

What muscles are used in trunk rotation? Uni or bi

Answer 22

Internal external obliques

postvertebrals (uni)

Question 23

What are muscle actions determined by?

Answer 23

What their concentric action is

Question 24

Anterior to vertebral = what? used in what motion?

poster to vertebral = what? used in what motion?

Answer 24

pre-vertebral (flexion)

postvertebrals (extension/rotation)

Question 25

What 2 muscles control cervial flexion?

Answer 25

Longus capitas/longus colli scalenes

Question 26

Where are the longus capitus and longus colli found?

Answer 26

anterior to vertebral bodies

Question 27

How many scalenes are there? What are they used for? and What type of it? Origin? Attachment?

Answer 27

3 Respiration (deep) Arise off of transverse processes and atach to ribs 1and2

Question 28

Actions of sternocleidomastoid? along with plane of each motion

Question 29

Quadratus lumborum Origin Insertion Purpose?

Answer 29

posterior inner lip of the iliac crest lower border of 12th rib and the transverse process of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae

Question 30

Function of psoas major and minor?

Answer 30

flex the lumbar spine and the hib

Question 31

What are the two major groups of back muscles?

Answer 31

Extrinsic (outer layer) Intrinsic (inner layer)

Question 32

What are extrinsic muscles associated with? not associated with?

Answer 32

Upper limb function and respiration Not associated with Vertebral column

Question 33

Primary role of intrinsic back muscles

Answer 33

Make the VC move and hold posture

Question 34

Extrinsic Muscles of back... Superficial Layer? (5)

Question 35

Intrinsic muscles of the back... ## Footnote Superficial muscles? 2 Intermediate muscles? 3 deep muscles? 2

Answer 35

Extensors and rotators/ splenius capitus and splenius cervicis spine extensors and rotators/erector spinae/transversopinalis group interspinalis and intertransversarii

Question 36

What action do the splenius capitis and cervicis do?

Answer 36

Bilaterally extensors

Question 37

What action do erector spinae do?

Answer 37

Bilaterally extend, ipsilateral assist with lateral flexion/rotation

Question 38

Where does transversospinalis lie? Key postural role?

Answer 38

Under erector spinae oppose segmental anterior rotation (flexion)

Question 39

Where do intertransversarii muscles attach?

Answer 39

Transverse process to transverse process

Question 40

What are the four abdominal muscles? Functions of each?

Answer 40

External and Internal obliques (rotation/flexion/compression/lateral flexion) Transversus abdominis (compression, "corset") Rectus abdominis (flexion and weak rotation)

Question 41

Rectus abdominis attachment?

Answer 41

Pubis to xiphoid process and through cartiledge of ribs 5 through 7

Question 42

Where do external obliques attach?

Answer 42

iliac crest/pubic bone/ and abdominal aponeurosis to the lower 8 ribs (5-12)

Question 43

Action of external oblique?

Answer 43

Contralateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion