Trying to preserve autocracy, 1855–1894

Question 1

What was the primary goal of the Russian autocracy from 1855 to 1894?

Answer 1

To maintain and preserve the power of the Tsar.

Question 2

True or False: Alexander II implemented significant reforms during his reign.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The emancipation of the serfs took place in _____.

Answer 3

1861.

Question 4

What was the main consequence of the 1861 emancipation reform?

Answer 4

It aimed to modernize Russia but led to discontent among both serfs and landowners.

Question 5

Which Tsar ruled Russia from 1855 to 1881?

Answer 5

Alexander II.

Question 6

What was the reaction of the nobility to the emancipation of the serfs?

Answer 6

Many were dissatisfied as they lost traditional privileges and faced economic challenges.

Question 7

True or False: The period saw the rise of revolutionary movements.

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

What significant reform did Alexander II introduce in 1864?

Answer 8

Judicial reform, which aimed to create a more independent judiciary.

Question 9

Multiple Choice: Which of the following reforms occurred under Alexander II? A) Military reform B) Educational reform C) Local government reform D) All of the above

Answer 9

D) All of the above.

Question 10

What was the purpose of the ‘zemstvo’ introduced in 1864?

Answer 10

To provide local self-government and improve local administration.

Question 11

True or False: Alexander III continued his father’s reforms.

Answer 11

False.

Question 12

What approach did Alexander III take to governance?

Answer 12

He adopted a policy of repression and orthodoxy to strengthen autocracy.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The policy of _____ was used by Alexander III to suppress dissent.

Answer 13

Russification.

Question 14

What was the significance of the 1881 assassination of Alexander II?

Answer 14

It led to a crackdown on reform and increased repression under Alexander III.

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which secret police was established under Alexander III? A) Okhrana B) Cheka C) GPU D) NKVD

Answer 15

A) Okhrana.

Question 16

What was the role of the Orthodox Church in maintaining autocracy?

Answer 16

It supported the Tsarist regime and promoted loyalty to the Tsar.

Question 17

True or False: The period from 1855 to 1894 saw a significant increase in political opposition.

Answer 17

True.

Question 18

What was the impact of industrialization on Russian society during this period?

Answer 18

It led to urbanization and the growth of a working class that became more politically aware.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The _____ Movement arose in response to social and political issues in Russia.

Answer 19

Narodnik.

Question 20

What was one of the major criticisms of the zemstvo system?

Answer 20

It was seen as ineffective and limited in power.

Question 21

True or False: Alexander III’s reign is often characterized by a return to conservative policies.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

What economic policy did Alexander III promote to strengthen autocracy?

Answer 22

State-led industrialization.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The policy of _____ aimed to assimilate non-Russian ethnic groups.

Answer 23

Russification.

Question 24

What was the effect of the 1890 electoral reform?

Answer 24

It limited the influence of the zemstvos in the Duma.

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Who succeeded Alexander III as Tsar in 1894? A) Nicholas I B) Alexander IV C) Nicholas II D) Alexander III

Answer 25

C) Nicholas II.

Question 26

What was a key factor in the failure of Alexander II's reforms?

Answer 26

Widespread dissatisfaction and lack of implementation.

Question 27

True or False: The 1870s were marked by a period of political stability in Russia.

Answer 27

False.

Question 28

What was the main purpose of the Duma established under Nicholas II?

Answer 28

To provide a semblance of political representation.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The ____ was a significant event in 1905 that reflected the failure of autocratic rule.

Answer 29

Bloody Sunday.

Question 30

What type of government did Alexander III aim to promote?

Answer 30

Autocracy.

Question 31

True or False: Political parties were allowed to operate freely under Alexander III.

Answer 31

False.

Question 32

What was one of the major social issues faced by Russia during this period?

Answer 32

Peasant unrest and dissatisfaction.

Question 33

Multiple Choice: What was a major consequence of the 1891 famine? A) Increased support for the Tsar B) Rise of revolutionary sentiment C) Strengthening of the army D) None of the above

Answer 33

B) Rise of revolutionary sentiment.

Question 34

What was the significance of the 1882 'Temporary Regulations'?

Answer 34

They increased state control over civil society.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The assassination of Alexander II led to the rise of _____ as a reactionary force.

Answer 35

Alexander III.

Question 36

What was a common method of repression used by the Tsarist regime?

Answer 36

Censorship.

Question 37

True or False: The autocracy faced no significant challenges during this period.

Answer 37

False.

Question 38

What was one of the main reasons for the decline of the autocratic system by the end of the period?

Answer 38

Growing revolutionary movements and demands for reform.

Question 39

Multiple Choice: Which of these was NOT a reform under Alexander II? A) Emancipation of the serfs B) Military reform C) Establishment of the Duma D) Judicial reform

Answer 39

C) Establishment of the Duma.

Question 40

What was the impact of the Great Reforms on the Russian military?

Answer 40

It modernized and professionalized the military.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The _____ of 1881 marked a shift towards more conservative policies.

Answer 41

Manifesto.

Question 42

True or False: The period saw the rise of radical groups like the Social Revolutionaries.

Answer 42

True.

Question 43

What was the primary aim of the Narodnik movement?

Answer 43

To promote agrarian socialism and the interests of the peasantry.

Question 44

Multiple Choice: Which event is associated with the rise of revolutionary sentiment in the late 19th century? A) The Crimean War B) The Russo-Turkish War C) The 1891 famine D) The assassination of Alexander II

Answer 44

C) The 1891 famine.

Question 45

What was the role of the intelligentsia in this period?

Answer 45

They were influential in spreading revolutionary ideas and critiques of the regime.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: Alexander III's policies were characterized by a focus on _____ and _____ to strengthen autocracy.

Answer 46

Russification; repression.

Question 47

True or False: Alexander II's reforms were universally accepted and popular.

Answer 47

False.

Question 48

What was the significance of the 1884 Education Reform?

Answer 48

It centralized control of education and limited access to higher education.

Question 49

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a consequence of the 1894 industrialization? A) Economic growth B) Social unrest C) Both A and B D) None of the above

Answer 49

C) Both A and B.

Question 50

What was the main economic focus of Alexander III's government?

Answer 50

Rapid industrialization and modernization of the economy.

Question 51

Fill in the blank: The _____ was a reactionary measure by Alexander III to curb revolutionary activities.

Answer 51

Okhrana.

Question 52

True or False: The autocracy was able to effectively suppress all forms of opposition.

Answer 52

False.

Question 53

What was the impact of the 1881 Manifesto on the governance of Russia?

Answer 53

It formalized a return to conservative policies and repression.

Question 54

Multiple Choice: Which group was primarily involved in the assassination of Alexander II? A) The Social Democrats B) The Narodniks C) The Bolsheviks D) The Mensheviks

Answer 54

B) The Narodniks.

Question 55

What was the relationship between the Tsar and the army during this period?

Answer 55

The army was a key pillar of support for the Tsar's autocratic rule.

Question 56

Fill in the blank: The introduction of _____ in 1874 aimed to modernize the military and increase its effectiveness.

Answer 56

Conscription.

Question 57

True or False: The period from 1855 to 1894 was marked by significant social changes in Russia.

Answer 57

True.

Question 58

What was one of the major problems faced by peasants after emancipation?

Answer 58

Debt from land redemption payments.

Question 59

Multiple Choice: What did the 1882 laws concerning the Jewish population aim to do? A) Assimilate Jews B) Restrict Jewish rights C) Promote Jewish culture D) None of the above

Answer 59

B) Restrict Jewish rights.

Question 60

What was a key feature of Alexander II's military reforms?

Answer 60

Reduction of service time and modernization of training.