Tsarist Russia

Question 1

What was a mir?

Answer 1

A peasant council generally comprised of kulaks

Question 2

What percentage of the population were peasants?

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

Life expectancy of peasants in 19th century?

Answer 3

40 years

Question 4

What percentage of Russia spoke russian?

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

Tsars weaknesses (7)

Answer 5

1. Disliked confrontation
2. Fired experienced high ranking officers as he felt threatened
3. Avoided decision-making
4. Involved himself with unnecessary tasks (wrote out instructions for his car to be brought)
5. Only talked to officials 1 on 1
6. Never chaired meetings.(lack of communication sparked rivalries between departments)
7. Not able or imaginative.

Question 6

Communication issues (4)

Answer 6

1. Population sparsity
2. Huge land
3. Trans Siberian Railway was only connection
4. Small pockets of industrialisation

Question 7

What was the zemstva?

Answer 7

local assemblies run by aristocrats

Question 8

What percentage of the population were aristocrats?

Answer 8

1.5% but owned 25% of the land

Question 9

Powerful aspects of Tsarist rule

Answer 9

1. Resistance was limited
   2.Heirachy of control
   3.Local governors controlled police
   + Opponents of the regime could be arrested (10,000 officers focused on this task)
   +People banned from serving in courts or zemstva
2. Censorship enabled society to move as one
3. Military strength with Tsars secret police and cossak regiments

Question 10

What was the Okhrana?

Answer 10

Tsar’s secret police

Question 11

Opposition parties

Answer 11

1.Liberals/ Cadets
2. Socialist Revolutionaries
3,Social Democratic party

Question 12

Who were the liberals/ cadets?

Answer 12

Formed from middle classes in the Duma, wanted a system similar to Britain’s democracy

Question 13

Who were the Socialist Revolutionaries?

Answer 13

Supported more in the countrysides, they were a violent radical group who assassinated government officials and okhrana officers. The believed that land should be given to the peasants rather than estates.

Question 14

Who were the social democratic party?

Answer 14

Followed views of Karl Marx , smaller and more disciplined than other parties. Members were executes or exiled and leaders were forced to live abroad.

Question 15

Who were the liberals led by?

Answer 15

Milyukov

Question 16

Who were the socialist revolutionaries led by?

Answer 16

Chernov

Question 17

When did the Social Democratic Party split?

Answer 17

1903

Question 18

What was the difference between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?

Answer 18

Bolsheviks wanted revolution, but Mensheviks only wanted change as hey didn’t believe the country was ready for a revolution

Question 19

Who were the Kulaks?

Answer 19

prosperous peasants

Question 20

What did cossak mean?

Answer 20

loyal to the tsar

Question 21

What does orthodox mean?

Answer 21

established traditional system

Question 22

Who were the capitalists?

Answer 22

A new class of Russian Middle classes

Question 23

When was the Russo-Japanese war?

Answer 23

1904-1905

Question 24

When was the Russo-Japanese war?

Answer 24

1904-1905

Question 25

What were the impacts of the Russo-Japanese war?

Answer 25

1. It was expected to be an easy victory +Loss of faith in the Russian army and the Tsar 2. Japanese defeated Russia in both land and sea +majority of Russian navy sunk

Question 26

Who negotiated the peace treaty of the Russo-Japanese war?

Answer 26

Sergei Witte

Question 27

When was bloody Sunday?

Answer 27

22nd January 1905

Question 28

What happened on bloody Sunday?

Answer 28

A peaceful protest of 200,00 led by Father Gabon to present a petition to the Tsar in the Winter Palace. Troops fired on the protesters despite their insistence they supported the Tsar. Around 500 were killed and several hundred injured.

Question 29

Impacts from Bloody Sunday (2)

Answer 29

1. Triggered the 1905 revolution 2. Triggered a wave of strikes and peaceful protests (Patilov Company)

Question 30

Short term Causes of the Russian Revolution (5)

Answer 30

1. Discontent in colonies 2. Bloody Sunday 3.Growing educated middle class who wanted more pay 4. Threat of mutiny from the Russian armed forces 5. Discontent among peasants

Question 31

Long term causes of the 1905 Revolution

Answer 31

1. Loss of Russo-Japanese war caused national humiliation and a loss of nationalism 2. Sacrifice of grain to the army left many in the city's starving

Question 32

Social and economic issues that led to 1905 revolution?

Answer 32

1. Poor working and living conditions (poor sanitation and no safety regulations) 2. Trade unions were banned providing no protection of pay 3. Economic decrease led to unemployment 4. Widespread famine in 1901 5. High mortality rate

Question 33

What was Potempkin?

Answer 33

A battleship that the crew took control of in June 1905 mutinying against the Tsar.

Question 34

When was the October Manifesto initiated?

Answer 34

October 1905

Question 35

What did the October Manifesto say?

Answer 35

1.That the Duma would be instated (parliament) 2. Right to free speech 3. Right to form political parties

Question 36

How did the Tsar crush the revolution

Answer 36

1. Political parties divided the population 2. Fundamental Laws limited Dumas power 3. Q