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PEDIATRICS 2 > Tuberculosis in Children > Flashcards

Tuberculosis in Children Flashcards

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1
Q

First effective drug used for tuberculosis

A

Streptomycin

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2
Q

Primary complex with effective treatment can heal by:

A

scar, fibrosis, and calcification

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3
Q

3 Major clinical states of tuberculosis

A

Exposure
Tuberculous infection
Disease

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4
Q

This means that a child had a significant contact with an adult or adolescent with infectious tuberculosis but lack proof of infection

A

Exposure

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5
Q

This is the hallmark of the clinical stage TBI (Tuberculosis Infection)

A

(+) Tuberculin Skin Test or Interferon-gamma release assay

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6
Q

This is the stage when signs or symptoms or radiographic manifestations caused by M. tuberculosis becomes apparent

A

Tuberculosis Disease

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7
Q

The transmission of TBB is usually through:

A

Airborne droplets

via coughing, sneezing, talking

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8
Q

Children with MTB infection is unable to transmit or rarely transmits the bacteria since the lung lobe/s involved in a child is typically:

A

middle and lower lobe

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9
Q

An adult/adolescent with TB becomes non-communicable after how many weeks of standard treatment initiation?

A

3 weeks

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10
Q

Where does incubation occur after inhalation of MTB ?

A

Hilum of the lung

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11
Q

What is the average incubation period of MTB?

A

2 weeks to 3 months

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12
Q

When the MTB have proliferated and released its toxins, it is now called:

A

TB infection

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13
Q

PPD is initially positive at which clinical stage of MTB?

A

TB infection

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14
Q

Induration in PPD test can be detected by how many hours?

A

48 to 72 hours

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15
Q

What is the path of spread of TB infection from the hilum?

A

hilum > lymphatic spread > hematogenous spread

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16
Q

Tuberculin sensitivity develops how many weeks of months (give range) after inhalation of organism?

A

3 weeks to 3 months (most often in 4-8 weeks)

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17
Q

What is the x-ray finding in TB disease?

A

Hilar caseation

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18
Q

Which tests are typically positive in TB disease?

A

PPD skin test, Serologic test
(sputum may also be positive)

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19
Q

How many criteria qualifies for Direct Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) for TB?

A

3 out of 5

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20
Q

What are the criteria for Presumptive TB in <15-year-olds?

A

3 out of the 6 below:
- Coughing/ wheezing of 2 weeks
- Unexplained fever of 2 weeks, after common causes have been excluded
- Loss of weight, failure to gain weight, or loss of appetite
- Failure to respond to 2 weeks of appropriate antibiotic therapy for LRTI
- Failure to regain previous state of health 2 weeks after viral infection or exanthema
- Fatigue, reduced playfulness, or lethargy

Or any 1 of the above in a child with exposure with a known active TB case

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21
Q

What is the measurement of induration that is considered (+) PPD skin test in immunocompromised individuals?

Study These Flashcards
A

more than or equal to 5mm

more than or equal to 10mm in all other children

22
Q

This includes local TB infection at the portal of entry and the regional lymph nodes that drain the area

Study These Flashcards
A

Primary Complex local spread

also known as Ghon Complex

23
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of Primary Complex?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Enlarging area of caseation
  2. Endobronchial disease
  3. TB pneumonia
24
Q

This pertains to the inflammation and caseation caused by TB on top of bronchus, compressing and/or eroding the bronchus

Study These Flashcards
A

Endobronchial Tuberculosis

25
Treatment for endobronchial TB disease
Corticosteroids
26
The distinguishing feature of TB pneumonia from other pneumonia
Prolonged pneumonia
27
This occurs when seeding of TB occurs into distant bronchial portions of the lung
TB pneumonia
28
This is the result of failure of immune suppression of previous hematogenous spread of TB, described as smaller parts of caseation necrosis
Miliary tuberculosis
29
This is the average incubation of miliary TB from uncontrolled primary TB infection
18 months
30
Location of miliary TB seen on CXR
Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Ascites/Peritonitis Meningitis Apical pneumonia
31
This is the most serious complication of TB in children and is fatal without prompt and appropriate treatment
TB meningitis
32
Lesions in miliary TB are often larger and more numerous in which organs?
Lungs, spleen, liver, and bone marrow
33
What intracranial change occurs during Stage 1 of TB meningitis
build up of intracranial pressure
34
Give 3 symptoms seen in stage 1 of TB meningitis
1. headache and squinting 2. decreased physical interest and activity 3. fever and mild neurologic deficits
35
What increases in the CSF during TB meningitis?
Pressure, Protein, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes | PPLL
36
What decreases in the CSF during TB meningitis?
glucose
37
How many percent is expected to have neurologic sequalae for those optimally treated during Stage 1 of TB meningitis?
25%
38
What symptoms are manifested during Stage 2 of TB meningitis?
Convulsion and Decreased sensorium
39
How many percent is expected to have neurologic sequalae for those optimally treated during Stage 2 of TB meningitis?
50-75%
40
What symptoms are manifested during Stage 3 of TB meningitis?
Sustained convulsions and Decerebrate rigidity
41
True or False: 100% neurologic sequelae is expected with Stage 3 TB meningitis
True
42
Death from neurologic deterioration occurs during stage 3 of TB meningitis due to:
Aspiration pneumonia Pressure ulcers Cerebral herniation Status epilepticus
43
Which TB medication can cause seizures/status epilepticus?
Isoniazid
44
Which TB medication can cause optic neuritis?
Ethambutol
45
Which TB medication can cause red urine?
Rifampicin
46
Which TB medication requires supplementation with vitamin B6?
Isoniazid
47
This is the destruction of the vertebral bodies due by TB leading to gibbus deformity and kyphosis
Pott's disease
48
What is the confirmatory test for Skeletal TB?
Bone biopsy
49
What is the average onset of Renal TB?
15 years
50

PEDIATRICS 2 (2 decks)

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