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Physiology > Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion > Flashcards

Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion Flashcards

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1
Q

Paracellular Path of reabsorption

A

Filtrate travels from the LUMEN through the Intercellular Space into the capillary

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2
Q

Transcellular Path or Reabsorption

A

Filtrate travels from the LUMEN through the CELL and then to the capillary

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3
Q

Aquaporin-1 location?

A

WIDESPREAD

Including the Renal tubules

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4
Q

Aquaporin-2 location?

A
  • Present in APICAL membranes of COLLECTING Tubule cells

- Controlled by ADH

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5
Q

Aquaporin-3 location?

A

Present in BASOLATERAL membranes membranes of Collecting Tubule cells

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6
Q

Role of ATPases in the Nephron?

A
  • Establish IONIC gradient across nephron
  • Gradients drive reabsorption/secretion of many other solutes
  • Transported by SECONDARY active transport
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7
Q

Most Primary Active Transporters have what characteristic?

A

ATPase attached to the name

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8
Q

Sodium enters the cell via ____ and exits the cell via ____.

A

Diffusion

Active Transport Pumps

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9
Q

Ion gradient determines what pathway for ____ concentration.

A

Sodium

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10
Q

What are examples of SECONDARY active transport?

A
  1. Reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the Renal tubule

2. Reabsorption of AA by the Renal Tubule

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11
Q

Sodium-glucose co transporter on the _______ of the ______ tubule.

A
  • Brush Border

- Proximal

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12
Q

SGLT2

A
  • Reabsorbs 90% of Glucose in EARLY Proximal Tubule
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13
Q

SGLT1

A

Reabsorbs 10% of Glucose in the LATE Proximal Tubule

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14
Q

Substances that are ACTIVELY secreted into the Renal Tubules.

A
  1. Creatinine

2. Para-aminohippuric Acid
PAHA

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15
Q

Transport max for glucose reabsorption

VS

Filtered Load for glucose

A

375mg/min

VS

125mg/min

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16
Q

Reasons that some passively reabsorbed substances do not have a Transport Maximum?

A
  1. Diffusion determined by E-chemical gradient
  2. Permeability of membrane
  3. TIME that the fluid remains in the tubule
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17
Q

Excretion will occur when [BG] exceeds how much?

A

250mg/min

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18
Q

Filtered load for glucose

A
  • What you CONSUME is what you FILTER

- LINEAR on a graph

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19
Q

Rate of transport depends on what?

A
  1. E-Chemical gradient
  2. TIME in the tubule
    - FLOW RATE
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20
Q

Proximal Tubule

A
  • Highly metabolic w/ LARGE # of Mitochondria
  • Extensive brush borders
  • Extensive IC and Basal channels on interstitial surfaces
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21
Q

Purpose of a brush border?

A

To increase SURFACE AREA

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22
Q

What does the Proximal Tubule Reabsorb

A
  1. 65% of Filtered
    - Na+
    - Cl-
    - Bicarbonate
    - K+

“NaCl BiK (Nickel back)”

  1. ALL filtered glucose and AA
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23
Q

What is being SECRETED into the Proximal tubules?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • H+
  • Organic Acids
  • Bases
24
Q

Anything with a Fluid/Plasma [ ] ABOVE 1 will be _____.

25
Anything with a Fluid/Plasma [ ] BELOW 1 will be _____.
Almost completely Reabsorbed
26
Sodium reabsorption in the FIRST half of the Proximal tubule.
Via CO-transport along with - glucose - AA - other Solutes
27
Sodium reabsorption in the SECOND half of the Proximal tubule.
Mainly with CHLORINE ions
28
Electrochemical gradient of the Tubular Lumen
-3 mV
29
Luminal [Na+]
140 mOsm
30
Cytoplasmic [Na+]
30 mOsm
31
Most Na+ entry is via the ____ with _____ Ions.
- ANTIPORT | - H+
32
H+ + Bicarbonate = ?
Carbonic Acid
33
CO2 + H2O =
Carbonic Acid
34
Descending segment of the Loop of Henle
- Highly permeable to WATER - Moderately permeable to Most solutes (Urea and Sodium) - Reabsorbs about 20% of filtered water
35
The defending limb reabsorbs about ___ of filtered water.
20%
36
Thin ascending segment of the loop of Henle.
IMPERMEABLE to Water
37
Thick ascending loop of Henle
- Impermeable to water - Na/K Pump pumps K+ into the cell against [ ] gradient - Co-transporter of (1 Na+, 2 Cl-, 1 K1+) - Slight BACK Leak of K+ into Lumen
38
What does the slight back leak of K+ into the lumen of the thick ascending limb do to the lumen?
- Creates a POSITIVE charge of 8+ mV | - Forces Mg++ and Ca++ to diffuse through tubular lumen through PARA- cellular space of the IF
39
The first portions of the Distal Tubule form what?
The Macula Densa
40
Distal Tubule
- Impermeable to WATER - Impermeable to UREA - Highly Convoluted - Similar to the THICK ascending limb (They are attached to each other)
41
Where are Principal Cells Located?
- Located at the LATE Distal Tubule/ Cortical Collecting tube
42
Role of Principle cells?
- Reabsorbs Na+ and Water - Secreted K+ into Lumen - Uses Na/K pump - Primary site of K+ diuretics
43
Intercalated cells in the Late Distal Tubule/ Cortical Collecting tube
- Reabsorbs K+ from the Lumen - Reabsorbs Bicarbonate - Secretes H+ into tubular lumen
44
The histology of the Medullary Collecting Duct
- Epithelial cells are cuboidal - Smooth surface - Few Mitochondria
45
Medullary Collecting Duct
- Permeable to Water (Controlled by ADH) - Permeable to UREA (Via transporters) - Capable of secreting H+ against a LARGE [ ] gradeint
46
Aldosterone - Source - Fxn - Site of action
- Adrenal cortex - Increase SODIUM reabsorption & Increase POTASSIUM secretion. - On the Principal cells in the Cortical collecting duct
47
Addison’s Disease
- Absence of Aldosterone | - Marked loss of Na+ and accumulation of K+
48
Conn’s Syndrome
Hypersecretion of Aldosterone
49
Angiotensin II - Fxn
- Increase Na+ and Water reabsorption | - Returns BLOOD PRESSURE and EC volume toward normal
50
Angiotensin II - Effects
1. Stimulates ALDOSTERONE secretion 2. Constricts EFFERENT arterioles 3. Directly stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the - PROXIMAL tubule - Loops of Henle - Distal Tubule - Collecting ducts
51
ADH - Source - Fxn - Effects
- Aka Vasopressin - Secreted from POSTERIOR pituitary - Increase Water reabsorption - Increase the formation of cAMP (Makes the Tubule LEAKY)
52
ANP
- Found in Cardiac atrial cells - Responds to DISTENSION - Inhibits the REABSORPTION of Na+ and water
53
PTH
- Found in the Parathyroid gland | - Increases CALCIUM reabsorption
54
Renal clearance of a substance
- The volume of plasma that is completely cleared of the substance by the kidneys per unit TIME - units of mL/min
55
Renal Clearance Equation
Cs x Ps = Us x V - Cs = (Us x V)/(Ps) Cs - Clearance rate of substance “s” Ps - [Plasma] of substance “s” Us - [Urine] of substance “s” V - Urine volume
56
GFR equation
GFR x Ps = Us x V - GFR = (Us x V)/(Ps) Ps - [Plasma] of substance “s” Us - [Urine] of substance “s” V - Urine volume SIMILAR to RENAL CLEARANCE

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