Tudor and Stuart migration Flashcards
(20 cards)
When did Christopher Columbus discover the America’s?
1492
He hoped to find new routes to India and china by sea.
He sailed west which meant he landed in the West Indies.
When did John Cabot discover canada?
1496
Sailed from Bristol on behalf of King Henry VII.
Found no riches so returned home.
Marked the start of the British empire.
When did John Hawkins set sail in his first slave trading voyage?
1562
Hawkins set sail to capture Africans to sell in the America’s.
The trip was so profitable that a second slave-trading voyage took place in 1564, partly funded by queen Elizabeth I.
When did Britain take control of Barbados?
1625
Barbados was soon established for tobacco plantations.
It was the largest British colony of enslaved people by 1655 and by the 1690s most of the island was covered in successful sugar plantations.
When were enslaved people introduced to British plantations?
1619
- enslaved people were a cheap source of labour.
- plantations owners could buy enslaved people outright, unlike indentured servants.
- enslaved people had no legal rights, so they worked without payment.
- any children born to enslaved people became their owners property, further increasing the size of the unpaid workforce.
When did the British parliament abolish the slave trade?
1807
When was slave ownership banned throughout the British empire?
1833
However, the government agreed to pay £20 million in compensation to former slave owners for the ‘loss of property’
When was the American colony Jamestown founded?
1607
Businessmen who were given permission by James I.
The aim was to find good and grown crops
When was the American colony New Plymouth, Massachusetts?
1620
Puritans, arriving on the mayflower. They became known as the pilgrim fathers.
Their aim was the escape religious persecution.
When were the navigation acts introduced?
1651-73
Only British goods could be imported into America - the colonists could no longer trade with other countries.
When was the stamp act introduced?
1765
A tax on the paper used for official documents
When did the Boston tea party occur?
December 1773
Colonists poured British tea into the harbour in protest at the tax on tea imposed by the British.
When did America formally declare themselves as independent from Britain?
July 1776
Britain only conceded it had lost in September 1783
When did the American war of independence begin?
1774
56 representatives from the colonies met at the ‘first congress’ in Philadelphia. A decision was made to fight the British.
When did St Bartholomew’s day massacre occur?
August 1572
Tens of thousands of French Protestants were killed; many French Protestants migrate to Britain.
When did French king Henri IV issue the edict of Nantes?
1598
The bill grants the Huguenots freedom to practice their religion Without fear
When did King Louis XIV tear up the Edict of Nantes?
1685
Protestant ministers are given a choice of converting to Catholicism or migrating out of France.
The Huguenots are now officially heretics and face persecution once more.
When did King James I send Protestants to take over land and keep control of the northern part of Ireland (known as Ulster)?
The early 1600s
He ‘planted’ the Protestants - believing them to be faithful to him - in a move known as the Ulster plantations.
When did the Jacobite rebellions occur?
1715 and 1745
The Jacobites were defeated at the battle of Culloden in 1746 and the monarch - George I - wanted to reduce the power of the highlanders.
The highland clearances began as the English began removing all potential oppositions in the highlands by getting rid of Scottish chiefs and clans that did not support George I.
In what period were the highlanders evicted from their homes?
From the 1720s to the 1820s
Tens of thousands of highlanders were evicted from their homes.
Some were forced onto barren coastal lands, or on unworkable land where they starved to death.
