TUI Prep Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
Which 737 model is the biggest
A
Both 737-max and 737-800= 189 seating config
2
Q
What’s the largest aircraft in the fleet
A
787-900 dreamliner
3
Q
What are the TUI brands
A
-Hotels and Resorts
- cruises
- TUI Musement: a leading tours and activities business
- tour operators
- Airlines
4
Q
TUI signature hotels breakdown
A
- TUI BLUE: for holiday makers combining relaxation with local culture and authentic experiences
-Robinson: the quality and market leader in the premium segment for club holidays - RIU: 3 PRODUCT LINES: RIU club hotels, RIU plaza (city hotels) and RIU palace (premium segment) appeal to different target groups
- TUI MAGIC LIFE: the all inclusive club brand boasting the broadest all inclusive offering on the german market
- TUI suneo: focus on world dining and fresh, comfortable rooms in convenient locations close to the beach and resorts centre
5
Q
TUI cruises breakdown
A
- provided by 17 liners
TUI CRUISES
- 50:50 joint venture based in Hamburg between TUI AG and Royal Carribean Cruises
Hapag-Lloyd Cruises
- leading provider of luxury and expedition cruises in the german speaking markets
Marella Cruises
- several formats in the UK; from family holidays via city breaks to luxury cruising
6
Q
what is TUI Musement
A
-global tours and activities business
- combining a highly curated product portfolio, scalable digital platforms and in-destination service by local teams
-to source, develop, distribute and deliver products in
3 categories; EXPERIENCES (excursions, activities and attraction tickets), TRANSFERS (between airports, hotels and ports) and TOURS (multiday itineraries encompassing flights, hotels, experiences and transfers)
7
Q
how many and what customer groups does TUI musement serve
A
- TUI CUSTOMERS: provides services in the destination via reps, as well as through the TUI Digital Assistant (TDA) app and TUI Experience Centre (TXC)
- B2B strategic clients: bringing value to partners from different areas of the travel industry through both digital and and physical service delivery; including airlines, cruise lines, ground transportation, OTA’s, tour operators and other leading businesses
- B2C Open Market Customers: providing all travellers around the world with the opportunity to book thousands of tours and activities in over 100 countries
8
Q
How many and what regions are TUIs Tour Operator business operations grouped into
A
-3
- NORTHERN REGION: UK and Ireland, Nordics (Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark) and Canada
- CENTRAL REGION: Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Poland
- WESTERN REGION: Belgium, Netherlands, France
operators: TUI Deutchland, Airtours, Wolters Reisen, First Choice
9
Q
how many airlines are in the TUI group (how many aircraft, destinations)
A
5 airlines:
- TUI Airways
- TUI Fly
- TUI fly belgium
- TUI fly Netherlands
- TUI fly Nordic
- operating around 150 medium and long haul aircraft
*serving more than 180 destinations around the world
10
Q
Who is the TUI CEO
A
- Sebastian Ebel
11
Q
Who is the TUI Managing Director
A
- Neil Swanson
12
Q
What do you know about TUI (brief overview: stats, history, goal)
A
OVERVIEW: World leading tourism group
STATS
broad portfolio consisting of:
- 1200 travel agencies
- 5 airlines
- 150 aircraft with over 67 operating from 16 bases across UK and Ireland
- over 400 hotels
- 17 cruise liners- integrated business model (biggest earner)
*IT COVERS THE WHOLE TOURISM CHAIN UNDER 1 NAME
HISTORY
- TUI AG and TUI travel have market leading tourism, hotel and cruise brands with over 40 years in the industry
- 2007: TUI AG and First Choice merged
- TUI Group is the natural progression where two TUIs become one
GOAL
- business vision: “EXCELLENCE IN LEISURE EXPERIENCES”
- brand purpose: “TUI CREATES THE MOMENTS THAT MAKES LIFE RICHER”
- values: TRUSTED, UNIQUE, INSPIRING
- behaviours: “WE MAKE IT HAPPEN, WE MAKE IT PERSONAL, WE MAKE IT MEANINGFUL”
- customer promise: “LIVE HAPPY”
13
Q
What is the TUI baggage allowance
A
- checked in: 15kg on package holidays
- certain types come with bigger allowance of 20kg
- hand luggage: 1 piece per person, upto 10kg). max dimensions 55x40x20cm
14
Q
What are the different TUI holiday types
A
- Beach holidays: all inclusive, family, adult only
- TUI tours
- City breaks
- Multi Destination
- Lakes and mountains
-Crystal Ski - Villas collection
- Weddings by TUI
- Lapland
- Accessible Holidays
- Green and Fair Holidays
15
Q
What makes TUI unique
A
- covers the entire tourism value chain under one roof
- enabling TUI to provide their 24 million customers with an umatched holiday experience in 180 regions
- key feature of the corporate culture is out global responsibility for economic, environmental and social responsibility
16
Q
TUI Group overview
A
- global group headquarter: hamburg Germany
- Cruise ships: 17
- hotels: more than 400
- aircraft: approx 150
- travel agencies: more than 1200
- TUI care foundation: postive effects of tourism in 25 countries
17
Q
TUI airways UK overview
A
- worlds largest charter airline
- Luton; founded in 1962
- operate from 16 bases across UK and ireland
- flying to more than 70 destinations worldwide from canary island to caribbean
- TUI UK has a fleet of 67 aircraft, made up of four different models of aircraft
18
Q
TUI airways fleet breakdown (aircraft, engine, config)
A
-67 aircraft
32 x 737-800: CFM56-7 engine; 189 pax seats; max range 5460km and top speed Mach0.79
21 x 737 MAX-8: CFM International LEAP-1B; 189 PAX seats
8 x 787-800: General Electric GEnx-1B; 41 premium economy 241 economy
6 x 787-900: General Electric GEnx-1B engine; 63 premium economy, 282 economy
19
Q
TUIs business vision
A
- Excellence in leisure experiences
(north star that guides the business)
20
Q
TUIs brand purpose
A
- TUI creates the moments that make life richer
(the role we play in the lives of customers, colleagues and the world)
21
Q
TUI values
A
- Trusted, Unique and Inspiring
( what we believe in and the culture we establish)
22
Q
TUI behaviours
A
- we make it happen
- we make it personal
- we make it meaningful
(the constant principles that make us different)
23
Q
TUI customer promise
A
- Live Happy
(outward articulation of being a TUI customer)
24
Q
TUI sustainability agenda
A
- by 2030, emissions from TUI airlines to be reduced by 24%
- including achieving net zero emissions across operations by 2050 at latest
25
what is the TUI Care foundation
- initiated and supported by TUI
- ensures tourism makes a difference in the lives of young people, care for the environment and help local communities thrive around the globe
- currently 25 projects in 20 countries
26
what are the TUI CARE foundation long term programs
YOUTH AND EDUCATION:
- TUI Academy program provides education and practical training for vulnerable young people and opens up new career opportunities in tourism
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT:
- Nature programs safeguard the beauty of holiday destinations by using resources more efficiently, protecting the marine environment and promoting animal welfare
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
- supports innovative tourism and entrepreneurs with a clear social and environmental mission
- aims to protect a destinations cultural and gastronomic heritage, strengthen local added employment and drive the sustainable development of the local tourism sector
27
how many Pilot bases do TUI Airways UK have and where
- 16
-Aberdeen, Belfast, Birmingham (seasonal), Bournemouth, Bristol, Cardiff, Dublin, East Midlands, Exeter, Glasgow, Gatwick, Luton, Stansted, Manchester, Newcastle, Norwich
28
TUI company people (pilot manager, flight crew training manager, pilot management project pilot, Fleet Manager)
Kathryn Cleaver- Pilot Manager
Stuart Byers- Flight Crew Training Manager and 737 captain
Rachel Barrett- Pilot Management Project Pilot and 787 FO
Lewis Blessed- Fleet Manager and 767 captain
29
TUI Timeline
1962: TUI Airways founded as Euravia
1964: name changed to Britannia Airways
1968: several German Tour operators joined forces to form The Touristik Union International
2002: Rebranded as TUI AG
2005: Britannia Airways rebranded to Thomson Fly. Thomson travel group bought by TUI AG.
2007: TUI merges its tour operator business with British First choice to form TUI travel plc.
2008: Thomsons Airways brand launched for the combined Thomson fly and first choice airways
2013: 1st uk airline to take delivery of 787. First flight was LGW to MAH. parent group also order 70 MAXs for group airlines
2014: TUI group listed on London Stock Exchange. Reunification with subsidiary TUI travel plc to become globally integrated tourism group
2015: announced new name- TUI
2016: rebrand began- launch of TUI care Foundation
2017: New callsign- TOMJET. TUI Airways officially changed its legal name from Thomson Airways to TUI Airways
2022: Sustainability Agenda Founded
30
how do you calculate ISA Temperature Deviation
lapse rate: 2 degrees per 1000ft
Dev= 15+(altitude x -2) = ISA TEMP
31
what is a Rate 1 turn, bank angle required for rate 1 turn, radius of turn
rate 1 turn= 3degrees/sec or 180/min
Bank angle required for rate 1 = (TAS/10) +7
Radius of Turn= Approx 1% of GS e.g. 250kts=2.5nm
32
what is the stopway
- length of an unprepared surface in the direction of takeoff capable of supporting an AC if the AC has to be stopped during its takeoff run
33
what is a clearway
- obstacle free area at the end of a runway, in the direction of takeoff
- 75m either side of the centreline
- could be water; the aircraft just needs to make a proportion of its climb to a screen height
34
What is the TORA
- distance between the point on the surface of the aerodrome at which an aircraft can commence its take off run to the nearest point, in the direction of takeoff, at which the surface of the aerodrome is incapable of bearing the weight of the aeroplane
35
what is the TODA
TODA is lesser of
- TORA + CLEARWAY
-1.5 X TORA
36
what is the ASDA
- TORA + STOPWAY
37
What is a balanced field
- when TODA=ASDA
38
what is the LDA
length of the runway threshold to threshold
39
what is screen height
- imaginary screen that has to be cleared by the lowest part of the aircraft when taking off or landing
-minimum height achieved over the runway before the end of the clearway
- marks the end of the takeoff distance
40
what is the screen height for a propeller aircraft (RWY condition: dry only)
50ft
41
what is the screen height for a jet aircraft (RWY condition: Dry and Wet)
- Dry: 35ft
- Wet: 15ft
42
what is a circling approach and what are the minima
- visual phase of an instrument approach to position and airplane for landing on a runway that is not suitable for a straight in approach
- MDH 600FT/ VIZ 4000m
43
what is point of equal time and how do you calculate it
- the enroute track position where it takes the same amount of time to fly onwards to the destination as it does to turn around and return to the departure airfield
distance to PET = (D x H )/ (O + H)
Time to PET= (distance to PET) / (speed to PET)
44
What is Point of No Return and how do you calculate it
- latest point on a route where its possible to return to the departure aerodrome with a sensible final reserve fuel
- required for aircraft in which a diversion airfield is not readily available
all engine PNR
Time to PNR= (safe endurance x Ground Speed Out) / ( Ground Speed Out x Ground Speed Home)
45
what is RVSM
- reduces vertical separation of AC from 2000ft to 1000ft between FL290-FL410
- RVSM: 1000ft separation FL290-FL410
-NON RVSM: 2000ft separation
46
'what equipment is required to operate in RVSM airspace
- 2 primary altimeter systems
- 1 automatic altitude control system
- 1 altitude alerting system
- a transponder that can be connected to the altitude measurement system in use for maintaining altitude
47
what is Precision RNAV approach
- offers to use RNAV functionality in all phases of flight except final approach and missed approach
- enabling shorter, more direct routes with simple connections to the enroute structure
- AC within 1nm of its intended position 95% of the time
B-RNAV: AC within 5nm of intended position 95% of the time
- in europe B-RNAV capability is mandatory in all upper airspace
48
RNP level, typical application and primary route width (nm)- centreline to boundary
0.1-1 RNP AR APP SEGMENTS
0.3-1 RNP APP SEGMENTS
1- TERMINAL AND ENR
2- ENR
4- PROJECTED FOR OCEANIC/REMOTE AREAS WHERE 30NM HORIZONTAL SEPARATION IS APPLIED
10- OCEANIC/REMOTE AREAS WHERE 50NM LATERAL SEPARATION IS APPLIED
49
aircraft system minima for approach categories (CATI,II,IIIA,IIIB,IIIC)
CAT I DA 200FT RVR 550m
CATII DA 100-200FT RVR 300m
CATIIIA DA 50-100FT RVR 200m
CATIIIB DA <50FT RVR 75M
CATIIIC DA nil RVR nil
50
V1
- Takeoff Decision Speed
- the speed at which the decision to continue the takeoff or abort must be made
- the max speed during takeoff at which a pilot can safely stop the aircraft without leaving the runway
51
V2
- Takeoff Safety Speed
- the minimum speed at which the aircraft can maintain a specified rate of climb with one engine inoperative
- achieved by the screen height 35ft and maintained to 400ft AGL in the event of an engine failure
- V2 > OR equal to 1.2 x Vs
52
VS
- stall speed
- minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable
53
purpose of wing fences and what is span wise flow
Spanwise flow
- pressure above the wing is lower than atmospheric and higher than atmospheric below
- most intense areas of low pressure are found near the wing root creating a horizontal pressure gradient which drives spanwise flow
- above the wing, spanwise pressure differential causes a spanwise flow inwards towards the wing root
- beneath the wing the spanwise pressure differential causes a spanwise flow outwards towards the tip
* at the trailing edge the two airflows meet at an angle to cause trailing edge vortices
wing fence- provides a physical barrier reducing spanwise flow towards the tips, a contributory factor to the tip stall
54
which is more desirable, stall at the wing root or wing tip and why
- stall at the root due to a greater local effective angle of attack is more favourable
- root is directly in front of the tail section; turbulent air hits the tailplane creating natural buffeting
- the reduced downwash and downforce on the tailplane increases pitch down moment at the stall
- ailerons remain for some time in unstalled flow providing some degree of lateral control in the very early stages of the stall
- wing drop is less pronounced
55
what is cloud base and cloud ceiling
Cloud ceiling: lowest layer of cloud of more than 4 oktas
cloud base: height of the underside of the lowest layer of cloud
* TAFS and METARS: cloud base given as height above aerodrome level
* area forecast: cloud base altitude above mean sea level
56
Vref
- calculated reference speed for final approach
- final approach speed
- usually 1.3VSO or higher
57
VMCG
- minimum control speed
- to maintain directional control after an engine failure during the takeoff roll while still on the ground
- determined using aerodynamic controls
58
VMCA
- minimum control speed to maintain directional control and straight flight
- using no more than 5 degrees of bank
- when the critical engine becomes inoperative
- with remaining engine at takeoff thrust
59
VMO/MMO
- max operating limit speed for turbo props or jets
- VMO is mainly a structural limitation that is the effective speed limit at lower altitudes
- MMO is a percentage of mach limited by the change to the aircraft handling characteristics as localized airflow approaches the speed of sound, creating shock waves that can alter controllability
60
what is MCRIT (critical mach number)
- lowest mach number at which airflow over some point of the aircraft reaches the Local Speed of Sound (LSS); sonic
- local airflow in some areas near the airframe reaches the speed of sound even though the aircraft itself has an airspeed lower than Mach 1.0
- creating a weak shockwave
61
what is Dutch Roll
- combination of rolling and yawing oscillations associated with swept wing aircraft
62
what is Mach tuck
- nose down pitching moment
- as an aircraft exceeds Mcrit/ airflow around the wing reaches supersonic speeds
- causing the Centre Of Pressure to move rearwards behind the Cnetre of Gravity
63
what is Coffin Corner
- the altitude at or near which an aircrafts stall speed is equal to the critical mach number
- any reduction in speed will cause stall and loss in altitude
- any increase in speed leads to flow separation and shockwaves
64
what is total drag made of and what is each component
- total drag= profile drag and induced
PROFILE DRAG: form drag, skin friction and interference drag
- proportional to speed; the faster an aircraft moves through the air the more air molecules its surface encounter
INDUCED DRAG:
- caused by creating lift with a high angle of attack that exposes more of the aircrafts surface to the Relative AirFlow
- associated with wing tip vortices
- greatest at low speeds and hgih angles of attack
65
what is a cold front and whats the weather associated with it
- cold air mass pushes under warm air mass
- tends to be clear weather afterwards
- forces warm air upwards creating CBs , heavy rain with fast gusty winds
66
what is an occluded front
- cold front overtakes warm front
- normally brings strong winds and heavy precipitation
- normally form around mature low pressure areas
67
what are the conditions associated with a warm front
- slow
- prolonged steady rain
- normally drizzle
- stratiform clouds
68
what is a stationary front
- no apparent movement
-balanced air masses
- mix of cold and warm
69
what is a trough
- extended region of low pressure
- normally clouds and showers
70
what is a ridge
- extended region of high pressure
- normally brings fair weather
71
What is a TAF
- Terminal Area Forecast
- 9 hour TAF: issued and updated every 3 hours
- 12-24 hour TAF: issued and updated every 6 hours
- they cover a 24hr or 30hr period
72
Decode: TEMPO
- weather condition will last less than 1 hour
- has a greater than 50% probability of occurrence
- will cover less than half the period of the TAF
73
decode: VC (FG)
-VC before identified weather, the weather could be valid upto 10 nm from the airport
- in the vicinity of the airport
74
Decode: BCMG
- used when weather will change gradually over 2 hours or more
75
decode: FM (FROM)
- when the weather will change rapidly from the prevailing conditions in less than 1 hour
- common with frontal passes
- the original forecast will become void and the FM forecast will now be used
76
decode: BCFG, BR, FG, BC, FU, FZ, GR, GS, MI, PO , PL, SS, WS
BCFG: FOG PATCHES
BR: MIST
FG: FOG
BC: PATCHES
FU: SMOKE
FZ; FREEZING
GR: HAIL
GS: SMALL HAIL OR SNOW PELLETS
MI: SHALLOW
PO: DUST DEVILS
PL: ICE PELLETS
SS: SANDSTORM
WS: WINDSHEAR
77
What is a METAR
- Meteorological Aerodrome Report
- issued every 30 mins
78
Decode: CAVOK
- cloud and viz ok
- vis > 10k
- no clouds below 5000ft or below highest MSA
- no CBs, no precipitation, thunderstorms, shallow fog or low drifting snow
79
decode: SKC
- if any of the CAVOK conditions are not met but there is no cloud to report
80
decode: TREND
- when significant changes are forecasted in the next two hours
- BCMG and TEMPO used
- FM: from, TL: until, AT:at
81
Decode: NO SIG
- when no significant changes expected, the trend is replaced by this
82
equation of Lift
L= 1/2 rho v squared s Cl
83
how do you calculate the Local Speed of Sound (LSS)
LSS= 38.94 X square root of temperature in kelvin
84
equation of mach
Mach= TAS/LSS
85
When is the Window of Circadian Low (WOCL)
02:00-05:59
- the period between 02:00 and 05:59 in the time zone to which the crew member is acclimatised
86
Total Duty Periods assigned to an individual operational crew member shall not exceed (7 consecutive days, 14 consecutive days, 28 consecutive days)
- any 7 consecutive days: 60 duty hours
- any 14 consecutive days: 110 duty hours
- any 28 consecutive days: 190 duty hours
87
total flight time of the sectors on which an individual crew member is assigned as an operating crew member shall not exceed (28 consecutive days, any calendar year, 12 consecutive calendar months)
28 consecutive days: 100 hours
calendar year: 900 hours
12 consecutive months: 1000 hours
88
where are Flight Time Limitations and Regulations found
- Basic Regulation 216/2008 Annex III Part-ORO.FTL.
89
what is the definition of acclimatized
- crew members circadian biological clock synchronised to the current time zone the crew member is
- crew member is considered to be acclimatized to a 2hr wide time zone surrounding the local time at the point of departure
90
what is duty
- any task that a crew member performs for the operator including flight duty , administrative work , giving or receiving training , positioning and some elements of standby
91
what is a duty period
period which starts when a crew member is required by the operator to report for, or begin a duty
- it ends when the person is free of all duties, including post flight duty
92
what is flight duty period
- a period that begins when a crew member is required to report for duty, which includes a sector or a series of sectors
- and ends when the AC finally comes to a rest and the engines are shut down, at the end of the last sector on which the crew member acts as an operating crew member
93
definition of flight time
the time between an aeroplane first moving from its parking place for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest at its parking position and all engines or propellers are shut down
94
what is underload and how do you calculate it
- max amount of extra traffic load that you can accept without exceeding any mass limitations
- UNDERLOAD = ALLOWED TRAFFIC LOAD - TOTAL TRAFFIC LOAD
95
What is ATOM
lowest of
- MLM + TRIP
- MZFM + TAKEOFF
- RTOM
96
How do you calculate max traffic load and traffic load
max: ATOM-DOM- TOF
TL: ATOM-OM
97
how do you calculate max fuel
ATOM-DOM- TL
98
how do you calculate Block Fuel
RAMP MASS-ZFM
99
for aircraft with MOPSC >30 what is the all adult figure
- all adult figure= 84kg (includes all adult males and females)
100
what engines does the 737 MAX have
CFM international LEAP 1-B
101
VSI mode of operation
- compares the ambient static pressure fed directly into a pressure capsule with a delayed value fed inside the instruments case via a metering unit which partially restricts the flow of air in and out of the case
- capsule connected directly to static port
VSI IN DESCENT:
- ambient static pressure increases; immediately sensed in capsule
- metering unit ensures increase is not immediately sensed in the instrument case
- static pressure in case is less than static pressure in capsule therefore capsule expands
CLIMB
- ambient static pressure decreases.
- static pressure inside capsule is slightly lower than inside the case
- capsule contracts
102
ASI mode of operation
- pitot pressure fed directly into pressure capsule
- as pitot pressure increases, the capsule expands; movement of capsule magnified and transmitted by linkage
- static pressure is fed directly into the sealed instument case
103
Altimeter Mode of Operation
- senses static pressure at its location and compares it to reference pressure
- partially evacuated aneroid capsules mounted in a tightly sealed case fed with static pressure from static ports
- as altitude increases, static pressure decreases = capsule expands
- movement of capsule magnified by a system of gears and levers to a pointer
- during descent, static pressure in case increases= capsule compresses
*altimeter errors = I M P S
104
what happens to the ASI/VSI/altimeter in a climb or descent with a blocked static port
STATIC BLOCKED
- altimeter shows altitude at which blockage occurred
- VSI reads 0
-ASI reducing in climb, increasing in descent
PITOT BLOCKED
-pressure in capsule no longer changes static pressure in case increases, compressing the capsule; ASI UNDEREAD/ SHOWING DECREASING AIRSPEED
- CLIMB= static pressure reduces= ASI SHOWING INCREASE IN SPEED
105
if you are on 1013 and the pressure is 1003 would you be under or over the glideslope
below the glideslope by 300ft
106
Altimeter set to 1010, QNH is 1013- are you under or over the glideslope
above the glideslope by 90ft
107
550 kts going 1950nm, how long will it take you
3hr 32mins
108
if your 170 kts, what does your ROD need to be on a 3 degree glideslope?
GS X 5 = 3 degree ROD
170 x5= 850 fpm
109
if your 7nm out, how high would you be on a 3 degree glideslope
110
An e-cigarette has a lithium battery, can it be taken on board? Look it up from the info
on the back page - there are caveats to the rule - entering the table in the right place
and then follow through properly
111
whats the RNP capability of the 737
RNP 0.1
112
how do you calculate the radius of a turn
- 1% of Groundspeed
113
what are the colour of the runway centre lights at the end of the runway and what are the distances
WHITE- threshold to 900m of rwy end
RED AND WHITE- 900m to 300m
Red- last 300m of the runway
114
what is the Pressure altitude in mb at 6000ft
115
in a metar what does VCFU mean
- smoke in the vicinity of the airfield
- upto 10nm of the airport
116
VMCG is equal to/less than or greater than V1/V2/VR
- V1 must be faster than VMCG
- Takeoff V speeds: VMCG
117
When paralleling batteries in a circuit do you get more AMPS or more Voltage or both
- paralleling: you add the amp hour rating, voltage remains the same
118
what is the correct call after departure
- callsign, SID, Passing Level, Climbing Level
119
what is the turning radius of a CAT D aircraft
- 1% of airspeed
120
whats the distance between the threshold to the end of the stopway defined as
- Accelerate Stop Distance Available
121
VAT 95- what is the 1.3 stall speed
95
122
what is a contaminated runway
when 25% or more of the runway is covered with water of more than 3mm deep, compacted snow that cant be compressed anymore, ice including wet ice
123
what is the temp at 36000ft if at the surface its 7 degrees
124
what is the purpose of Slats
- create a slot that reenergises the boundary layer
- increase critical angle of attack
- reduces the stall speed with relatively low increase in drag
125
where does RVSM start and end
FL290-FL410
126
marshallers hand signal for fire?
Move right-hand wand in a "fanning" motion
from shoulder to knee, while at the same time
pointing with the left-hand wand to area of fire.
(Might also be a rapid figure-of-eight motion at
waist level with either arm, pointing at the
source of fire with the other arm).
127
climbing and descending at constant mach number
- climb at constant mach: CAS and TAS reduce
- descent at constant mach number: CAS rapidly increases, TAS also increases
- C T M
128
effect of altitude change in an isothermal layer: CAS MACH TAS
- a climb or descent at constant Mach results in constant TAS
129
effect of altitude change in an inversion layer
- air temp inceases with altitude thus LSS will increase with altitude
- C M T
130
what happens if the air temperature changes when flying at the same level
- TAS increases when flying into warmer air and reduces when flying into colder air
- TEMP UP TAS UP, TEMP DOWN TAS DOWN
- at constant mach, CAS REMAINS THE SAME
131
when given a climb by ATC and your TCAS says descend, what do you say
- TCAS RA
132
competency: Leadership and Teamwork
S: - during a busy holiday period, we experienced a sudden shortage of staff with my restaurant fully booked.
T: My task was to ensure the restaurant could meet our customer expectations without compromising quality or service despite the reduced staff
A: - First I held a meeting with the team so we could discuss the issue and brainstorm the plan moving forward encouraging open dialogue and input from the team
- I analysed the current team structure thinking about individual strengths and reassigned roles to optimise our workflow, maintaining open communication to ensure everyone was comfortable with their new roles. I cross trained some kitchen staff to handle multiple roles, ensuring we could adapt to evolving demands
- To lead by example, I took on additional shifts, both in the kitchen and on the floor helping to fill staffing gaps and showing the team that I was willing to work alongside them during challenging times
- To ensure quality, I simplified the menu focusing on our most popular dishes to streamline kitchen operations
- I also worked closely with the front of house team to manage customer expectations and keep them informed about any delays
- to keep team spirits high I emphasized the importance of teamwork and recognised individual contribution. I made sure to thank staff at the end of each shift and celebrated small victories
- I also implemented an anonymous feedback system for staff so they felt comfortable voicing their concerns
R: - We navigated the holiday period successfully
- teamwork and flexibility led to positive customer feedback and an increase in repeat business
- the experience also fostered a stronger sense of camaraderie among staff
133
competency: problem solving
S: during COVID 19 pandemic, government restrictions forced us to halt dine in services and the fear of spreading the virus made customers hesitant to interact
T: adapt our business model to comply with safety guidelines, maintain customer and staff welfare whilst continue generating revenue
A: - Brainstormed with the team to understand their health concerns and workplace concerns and how we could continue service to ensure both customer and workforce satisfaction
- I implemented staggered collection times with customers receiving specific time slots to pick up their orders reducing risk of contact between customers
- utilised social media platforms to inform customers about the staggered collection times and contactless payment. By posting the pickup schedule online, customers could plan their visits to avoid crowding
- I set up a card machine outside the building to enable customers to pay without entering the building contributing to social distancing
-I adjusted the kitchen layout to ensure social distancing amongst staff, limiting the number of people in the kitchen and spacing out workstations
- I implemented strict safety protocols; frequent sanitization of high touch surfaces, mandatory mask wearing and temperature checks for staff, providing a safer environment for employees and customers
R: I was able to keep the business running whilst ensuring the safety of our customers and staff
134
competency: Decision making
S: during my first cross country solo flight, doing a climbing turn at 900ft I heard a loud noise and felt a rush of air in the cockpit, I quickly realised the passenger side door had popped open creating a potential safety hazard
T: my task was to maintain control of the aircraft, reducing the risk of further issues and safely landing the aircraft without disruption
A: - initial action was to stay calm and maintain control of the aircraft. I maintained my heading and lowered the nose initially to counteract the rapid reduction in airspeed ensuring stable control whilst ensuring I stayed in the airfields vicinity
- I quickly secured loose items to avoid them being sucked out of the open door. This step was crucial to prevent further complications and ensure safety
- inadvertently utilised a quick TDODAR to assess the severity and immediately contacted the tower to let them know I had decided to return to the airfield ensuring I had a clear path back and any needed assistance upon landing
- Given the additional drag and potential handling challenges I maintained a lower airspeed to reduce stress on the aircraft
- I used a longer final approach to allow for additional time to adjust to the increased drag and focused on avoiding any sudden movements that could destabilise the aircraft
- After safely landing I immediately secured the aircraft and reported the incident to the flight school
R: - landed safely without further complications and damage to the aircraft
- quick response and clear communication with ATC highlighted my ability to remain calm under pressure and make quick informed decisions in a high stress situation
135
competncy: Situational Awareness
S: I was hour building in Miami where an engine issue was impacting climb performance and there were buildings immediately ahead that I needed to clear
T: my task was to ensure a safe flight path to avoid any obstacles while dealing with limited climb performance without causing undue stress to the aircraft
A: - I assessed engine power and other flight parameters and recognised a reduced RPM
- I also monitored my airspeed and altitude to ensure I was within safe operating limits
- I identified potential routes that would allow me to avoid the obstruction
- I adjusted my heading to the west to find a path without obstructions therefore reducing the immediate need for climb
- I scanned my environment and utilised foreflight for potential airfields or landing sights that I could use if the engine performance deteriorated any further and highlighted Tamiami airfield
- having utilised a PPP ensuring I had understanding what the plane was doing, were on a path that would avoid buildings and briefed and assigned communications to my co pilot we communicated with the tower and negotiated a return back to the airfield as further engine deterioration would result in ditching near the everglades
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