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Radiation Therapy Practices/Procedures: 1. (B) Treatment sites and TUMORS > Tumor Classification/Determining the Type of Tumor > Flashcards

Tumor Classification/Determining the Type of Tumor Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main tumor histopathologic types (4)

A
  • benign
  • malignant
  • carcinomas
  • sarcomas
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2
Q

the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?

  • closely resembles the tissue or origin (well-differentiated)
  • typically slow growing and are encapsulated
  • rarely spread or metastasize
A

benign

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3
Q

the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?

  • most common tumors
  • spread through lymphatics
  • malignant tumors of this histopath. occur in epithelial tissue
A

Carcinomas

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4
Q

give some examples of carcinomas (give 2)

A
  • adenocarcinoma
  • squamous cell
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5
Q

what is the MOST COMMON tumor histopathology?

A

Carcinomas

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6
Q

_____ tissues, are tissues, that include tissues that cover or line a cavity

A

epithelial

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7
Q

how do carcinomas spread?

A

through the lymphatics

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8
Q

the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?

  • spread through the bloodstream
  • malignant tumors of this histopath. arise from mesenchymal cells or connective tissue
A

sarcomas

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9
Q

how do sarcomas spread?

A

through the bloodstream

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10
Q

what is another term for “spreading through the bloodstream”?

A
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11
Q

the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?

  • can spread or metastasize
  • grow rapidly and are life threatening
  • do not resemble the tissue of origin (anaplastic)
A

malignant

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12
Q

define “anaplastic”

A

not resembling tissue of origin

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13
Q

which tumor histopathology is typically anaplastic

A

malignant tumors

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14
Q

define well-differentiated

A

closely resembling tissue of origin; homogenous group

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15
Q

define undifferentiated

A

NOT resembling tissue of origin; heterogenous group

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16
Q

where can sarcomas occur? (3)

A

typically in bone, soft tissue, or connective tissue

17
Q

the STAGE or GRADE explains how aggressive a tumor

A

GRADE

18
Q

what does a higher grade mean for a tumor? Lower grade?

A

higher grade = more aggressive
lower grade = less aggressive

19
Q

explain what the Grade of a tumor describes -

A

the aggressiveness of a tumor; how differentiated the tumor is

20
Q

grades are ranked ___ to ____

A

1 to 4

21
Q

lower grade numbers mean what?
what about higher grade numbers?

A

lower grades = a well differentiated tumor, that is less likely to metastasize
higher grades = a undifferentiated/less differentiated tumor, that is likely to metastasize

22
Q

_____ = undetermined grade

A

“GX”

23
Q

the STAGE or GRADE explains the size and depth of tumor

A

STAGE

24
Q

you can stage _______, ________, or both

A

clinically, pathologically, or both

“cTNM”, “pTNM”…

25
Q

_________ staging depicts the extent of the tumor

A

TNM

26
Q

__ = size of the primary tumor and invasion

(which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)

A

T

27
Q

__ = regional lymph node involvement

(which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)

A

N

28
Q

__ = presence of metastatic disease

(which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)

A

M

29
Q

__ = undetermined

A

X

30
Q

numerical subscripts of TNM show extent of the _____

example (T1 N2 M3)

A

subgroup

31
Q

what staging system is used for GYN cancers?

A

FIGO

32
Q

what staging system is used for colorectal tumors?

A

Dukes

33
Q

what staging system is used for lymphatic staging?

A

Ann Arbor

34
Q

the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
and
Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)

both are _____ systems

A

both are staging systems

35
Q

in the Ann Arbor staging system, what does “A” or “B” describe?

A

B = there being a LACK of symptoms

A = symptoms are PRESENT

Radiation Therapy Practices/Procedures: 1. (B) Treatment sites and TUMORS (1 decks)

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