Tumor Classification/Determining the Type of Tumor

Question 1

What are the main tumor histopathologic types (4)

Answer 1

• benign
• malignant
• carcinomas
• sarcomas

Question 2

the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?

• closely resembles the tissue or origin (well-differentiated)
• typically slow growing and are encapsulated
• rarely spread or metastasize

Answer 2

benign

Question 3

the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?

• most common tumors
• spread through lymphatics
• malignant tumors of this histopath. occur in epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Carcinomas

Question 4

give some examples of carcinomas (give 2)

Answer 4

• adenocarcinoma
• squamous cell

Question 5

what is the MOST COMMON tumor histopathology?

Answer 5

Carcinomas

Question 6

_____ tissues, are tissues, that include tissues that cover or line a cavity

Answer 6

epithelial

Question 7

how do carcinomas spread?

Answer 7

through the lymphatics

Question 8

the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?

• spread through the bloodstream
• malignant tumors of this histopath. arise from mesenchymal cells or connective tissue

Answer 8

sarcomas

Question 9

how do sarcomas spread?

Answer 9

through the bloodstream

Question 10

what is another term for “spreading through the bloodstream”?

Question 11

the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?

• can spread or metastasize
• grow rapidly and are life threatening
• do not resemble the tissue of origin (anaplastic)

Answer 11

malignant

Question 12

define “anaplastic”

Answer 12

not resembling tissue of origin

Question 13

which tumor histopathology is typically anaplastic

Answer 13

malignant tumors

Question 14

define well-differentiated

Answer 14

closely resembling tissue of origin; homogenous group

Question 15

define undifferentiated

Answer 15

NOT resembling tissue of origin; heterogenous group

Question 16

where can sarcomas occur? (3)

Answer 16

typically in bone, soft tissue, or connective tissue

Question 17

the STAGE or GRADE explains how aggressive a tumor

Answer 17

GRADE

Question 18

what does a higher grade mean for a tumor? Lower grade?

Answer 18

higher grade = more aggressive
lower grade = less aggressive

Question 19

explain what the Grade of a tumor describes -

Answer 19

the aggressiveness of a tumor; how differentiated the tumor is

Question 20

grades are ranked ___ to ____

Answer 20

1 to 4

Question 21

lower grade numbers mean what?
what about higher grade numbers?

Answer 21

lower grades = a well differentiated tumor, that is less likely to metastasize
higher grades = a undifferentiated/less differentiated tumor, that is likely to metastasize

Question 22

_____ = undetermined grade

Answer 22

“GX”

Question 23

the STAGE or GRADE explains the size and depth of tumor

Answer 23

STAGE

Question 24

you can stage _______, ________, or both

Answer 24

clinically, pathologically, or both

“cTNM”, “pTNM”…

Question 25

_________ staging depicts the extent of the tumor

Answer 25

TNM

Question 26

__ = size of the primary tumor and invasion (which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)

Answer 26

T

Question 27

__ = regional lymph node involvement (which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)

Answer 27

N

Question 28

__ = presence of metastatic disease (which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)

Answer 28

M

Question 29

__ = undetermined

Answer 29

X

Question 30

numerical subscripts of TNM show extent of the _____ example (T1 N2 M3)

Answer 30

subgroup

Question 31

what staging system is used for GYN cancers?

Answer 31

FIGO

Question 32

what staging system is used for colorectal tumors?

Answer 32

Dukes

Question 33

what staging system is used for lymphatic staging?

Answer 33

Ann Arbor

Question 34

the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) both are _____ systems

Answer 34

both are staging systems

Question 35

in the Ann Arbor staging system, what does "A" or "B" describe?

Answer 35

B = there being a LACK of symptoms A = symptoms are PRESENT