Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Foundations 9 > Tumor Immunology > Flashcards

Tumor Immunology Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cancer and evolution

A

Relatively new problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Benign tumors

A

Fibrous capsule facilitates removal

Clear margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Malignant tumors

A

undefined and spreads
Can find CTCs in the blood
Break off and spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Last place cancer spread

A

Bone and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Melanoma goes to

Colon goes to

A

Lung and liver

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Evidence for anti-tumor immunity

A

Spontaneous regression of certain tumors (melanoma)
Infiltration of solid tumors with immune cells
Tumor specific ABs in circulation of cancer pts
Tumors occur more in young and old
Tumors more in immunosuppressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Solid tumor makeup

A

Fibroblast for structure
Endothelial for vasculature
Host leukocytes
Tumor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Innate stimulators of cancer

A

Neutrophils
M2 macrophages
MDSCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Innate inhibitors of cancer

A

Dendritic (some)

M1 macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adaptive stimulators of cancer

A

Th2CD4 T cells
CD4 Tregs
B lymphos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adaptive inhibitors of cancer

A

CD8 cells
Th1CD4 T cells
Th17CD4 T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Th1 to Th2 ratio in cancer patients (which is good)

A

Th1 tipped is better for prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NEcessary characteristics of cancer cells

A 
Stimulate own growht
ignore growth inhibiting signals 
Avoid death by apoptosis
Angiogenesis
Metastasis
Replicate constantly
Evade and outrun immune response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tumor micro-environment

A

Central core of living and necrotic tissue which has outgrown blood supply
Outer living tissue getting blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Differences between tumor cells in micro-environment

A

Metabolic and antigenic differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vasculture of tumor cells

A

Sinusoidal
VEGFs are important growth factors
Creates problems for chemotherapy delivery because you don’t know if you’re hitting all cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tumor mechanisms of evasion

A 
Down regulate MHC 1 
Down regulate tumor associated antigens 
Release suppressive cytokines (TGF-beta and IL-10)
Stimulate host to release suppressive
Attract or stimulate Tregs and MDSCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Effect of TGF-beta and IL-10

A

TGF-beta inhibits CTLs, Th1s and increases Tregs

IL-10 inhibits Th1s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Do tumor cells express MHC 1?

A

Some down regulate but yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do tumor cells express MHC 2?

Study These Flashcards
A

Only by dendritic, B, and macro normally but can be present sometimes

21
Q

Do tumor cells express costim

Study These Flashcards
A

Should not but sometimes

22
Q

Do tumor cells release cytokineas and chemokines

23
Q

Do tumor cells secrete antibodies

24
Q

WHat do you need in order to treat cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acquired immune response

25
Good inflammation of cancer
Acute...following chemo or radiation treatments | Can provide precursors to anti-tumor immunity
26
Bad inflammation of cancer
Chronic Neutrohpils release proteolytic enzymes Cytokines
27
Basic immune response to tumor
``` Inflammation and capture by DC DCs and T cells to draining nodes Effector cells primed in node Effect cells go to tumor site Effector cells function at site of tumor ```
28
Innate mechs of tumor immune response
Complement - inflammatory and MAC NK cells - both ADCC and decrease in MHC 1 Macrophage - NO mediated macrophage toxicity
29
Antibodies and tumor immune response
CDC - complement ADCC - NK cells Growth inhibition - block growth factor receptors Prevent metastasis - block receptors for endothelium
30
Acquired immunity and immune tumor response
MHC - Class 2 initiates and class 1 distinguishes self TCR - Mimicry of pathogen Effector cells - Cytokine release(IL-2), cytotoxicity, and suppressors
31
Antigen uptake summary
DC has CD80/86 binds CD28 of CD8 while MHC 1 binds TCR...CD8 goes to tumor cell and binds MHC1 and kills without costim DC has CD40 that binds CD40L of CD4 while MHC 2 binds TCR
32
Clona proliferation
Th1 and CD8 cells undergo using IL-2 from Th1 cells | NEED costim
33
NK and CTL killing
CTL kills if MHC 1 present...if not, then NK cell
34
TAAs
Expressed on both tumor and to a degree normal cells Re-expressed embryonic antigens Over-expressed low abundance self protein
35
Neo-antigens
Mutated gene products specific to tumor cells | Oncogenic viral antigens
36
Self antigen recognition
Typically expressed at inappropriate time or over-expressed to point Recognition hampered and needs to be re-educated
37
CLT mediated anti-tumor response breakdwon
50% against shared | 50% against neo
38
CEA
Carcinoembryonic antigen Shared Colon, lung, and breast cancer CD4 and CD8 have receptors but can't recognize Must break tolerance using adjuvant to treat
39
Tyrosinase
Expressed by melanocytes | Peripheral tolerance means you need to stimulate
40
Mechs by which tumors evade response table
``` Low immunogenicity - no peptide/MHC ligand, no adhesion molecules, no costim Tumor treated as self antigen Antigenic modulation Tumor-induced immune suppression Tumor-induced privileged site ```
41
MDSC cels
Impair differentiation of cells and result in defective antigen presentation
42
Treg cells
Impaired activation of CTLs and secretion of suppressive cytokineas
43
Macrophage
M2 differentiation | Lack of costim for T cells
44
Dendritiic cells
IDO expression and inductionof Tregs | Lack of costim for T cells
45
2 types of MDSC cells
Monocytic and granulocytic Monocytic should become macro or dendritic Granulocyte release arginase
46
M1 functions
``` Cytokines Chemokines Tumor cell lysis ROS and RNS MMPs ```
47
M2 functions
``` pro-angiogenic cytokines and enzymes ROS and RNS Cytokines Tissue factor MMPs Chemokines ```
48
Three Es of immuno-editing
Elimination - immune sys prevailes Equilibrium - co-exaist Escape - tumor prevails
49
HIV and cancer relation
Txs have developed and now chronic disease...could this happen for cancer?

Foundations 9 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions